EnglandFrance:Absolutism/Parliamentary Flashcards
Cavaliers
Royalists in the English civil war
Charles 1
James 1’s son
Doesnt like parliament, only uses for money
Tries to arrest parliament members, civil war breaks out
Executed by Rump parliament for treason
Puritans
Religious movement.
Simple life, no secular things(theatre, sports, makeup, swearing)
Roundheads
Parliment supporters in English Civil War
Petition Of Right
No imprisonment w/o cause
No taxation w/o parliament’s consent
No soldiers in private homes
No martial law in peacetime
Short Parliament
Called by Charles to get money. When they don’t give, he dissolves it
Long Parliament
Charles needs money again. Triennial act (parliament every 3 yrs), Executes Laud, parliament can’t be dissolved without its consent, tries to arrest several House of Commons members, civil wars start.
Forced Loans
How charles gets money w/p parliament. Makes people give him money, if they don’t they are arrested
Impositions
Nobles have to pay taxes, and for their positions (James I and Duke of Buckingham)
English Civil War
Charles vs house of Commons
Commons wins, w/ cromwells army
Charles executed by rump parliament
Oliver Cromwell
Raises army against charles. Keeps army after war is over, becomes lord protector of england. Forces parliament to his will.
Archbishop William Laud
Executed by Parliament for causing unrest: imposing BCP on scotland
Scottish Rebellion
Scots don’t want anglicanism, BCP, Charles tries to force it
Rump Parliament
Created by Cromwell. Only the House of Commons
New Model Army
Cromwell’s army. Is not disbanded after civil war, but instead used for Cromwell to rule england as Lord Protector
Trial of King Charles I
By Rump Parliament. Executed for treason.
Other countries appalled by people executing their own king.
Puritan Commonwealth
Cromwell’s protectorate. Strict puritan laws, although Anglicanism is still allowed. House of Lords dissolved.
The protectorate
Cromwell’s kingdom
The Lord Protector
Cromwell
The Interregnum
Between the Kings
Cromwell’s ruling period b/w Charles I and James II
The Restoration
Charles II’s reign
Brings things back to how they were before Cromwell
Digs up cromwell’s body, hangs it
Treaty of Dover
England and France vs. Netherlands
Louis pays Charles to cinvert, but he doesn’t
Test Act
Must be Protestant if in government
Glorious Revolution
James II runs away, William of Orange and Mary invited to rule England by Parliament
They sign away many of the monarchy’s rights in order to have peace
Traditional Liberties in England
Free speech, trial by jury, king is under law, parliament can’t be dissolved w/o consent
Act of Settlement
English crown goes to German House of Hanover
Bill of Rights
Traditional liberties, limits monarchy, gives civil rights, catholics can’t be on throne
Absolutism
The king has all the power in the country. No parliament
Thomas Hobbes
Man is evil/chaotic/lawless. Needs laws and government to be moral.
Bishop Bossuet
Divine right king
King has similar power over the people that God has over man, deserves same respect
Louis XIII
Has 4 stillborn kids
Eventually has louis XIV
Cardinal Richelieu
Doesnt want Huguenots or nobles to get power
Starts intendant system(collect taxes, enforce laws, spy)
Louis XIV
Father dies when 5, Richelieu dies when 23
Almost killed in Fronde as a young boy. Terrified of it happening again.
Exercises massive control over the nobles(Versailles). Makes them feel like they have power without giving them any.
Makes france a world power
Gets into many unfundable wars near the end of his reign.
Cardinal Mazarin
Helps regent during Louis XIV’s childhood. Possibly her lover
Intendents
Set up by Richelieu
Collect taxes, spy, enforce law
Fronde
Nobles rebel against Louis XIII, Richelieu for taking away their power.
Inspires Louis XIV to control nobles
Parlements
French equivalent of Parliament, but far weaker
Versailles
Massive palace built by Louis XIV.
Symbol of control over nobles.
Wouldnt give nobles power unless they attended, had to pay to attend.
Spent all time trying to get favors rather than govern
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Louis XIV’s brilliant financial minister. Got France to have one of the best economies in the world
Jansenists
Anti-Jesuits
St. Augustine, opposed royal and papal authority
Revocation of Edict of Nantes
Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes.
Drives out protestant rich up-and-coming merchants and new rich
War of the Spanish Succession
Louis’s grandson basically inherits Spain.
England, Holland, and HRE unite to keep France from getting too much power.
France has inadequate power to win, comes to a stalemate.
The Sun King
Louis’s nickname. Because of his majesty. He dressed up as Apollo at Versailles.
I Am The State
Louis is the supreme ruler. Has no nobles or Parliament.
One King, One Law, One Faith
Again, Louis is supreme over all other authority. Unity in the government and country
