Philosophes

Question 0

John Locke

Answer 0

Treatises of Government
man is basically good, reasonable, moral
tabula rasa - blank slate (born with)
society makes us good or bad
natural rights: life, liberts, property
if you break contract, you forfeit your rights
best govmt: limited, w/ consent of governed. protects natural rights
if govmt doesn’t protect, people must overthrow

Question 1

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 1

man is agressive, greedy

absolute government keeps us in check (Leviathan), social contract

Question 2

Immanuel Kant

Answer 2

Man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity

Question 3

print culture

Answer 3

books are valuable, increase in literacy, ideas spread

common people have opinions, public opinion

Question 4

Voltaire

Answer 4

pushed limits of patrons (offensive, irreverent)
Crush the Infamous Thing (church)
religion turns attention from this life to next
Candide, novels
freedom of speech
“dont agree with what you say, but i will defent your right to say it”

Question 5

Denis Diderot

Answer 5

sponsored by Catherine the Great(Russia)
The Encyclopedia. Over 100 authors
17 volumes, 2 more of plates

Question 6

Baccaria

Answer 6

"On Crimes and Punishments"
reform in law
less torture, capital punishment
punishments should deter crime
secure happiness for most people

Question 7

Physiocrats

Answer 7

French economic reformers
Francois Quesnay, Pierre Dupont
govmt should protect property
agriculture is important

Question 8

Adam Smith

Answer 8

“Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations”
economic liberty
let individuals pursue own wealth, economy will grow
Laissez-Faire Economics: hands-off/ minimal govmt interference
4stage theory:hunting/gathering, pastoral/herding, agricultural, commercial

Question 9

Montesquieu

Answer 9

“Spirit of the Laws”
no one set of laws will work everywhere, depends on size, population, culture
branched govmt

Question 10

Rousseau

Answer 10

Hated current world+society
impossible to live sincere, good life
society is source of man's evil
"the social contract"
"all men born free, everywhere in chains"
majority is right
freedom is obedience to law
women in a "separate sphere" from men

Question 11

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 11

Women want to be equals, not masters
"A Vindication of the Rights of Women"
traditional roles limit women's minds
women are basically slaves of men
denying education to 50% of people hinders humanity