Reformation

Question 0

Religion in 15th Century

Answer 0

Clergy everywhere 6-8%
Church regulates life holidays, dietary restrictions
Monasteries, nunneries, shrines
Indulgences
Celibate clergy(but if violated could pay fine)
Clergy not taxed, criminal law
Relics

Question 1

HEME

Answer 1

Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I

Question 2

Religion in 16th century

Answer 2

Clergy down 2/3
1/3 less churches
Holidays down 1/3
Monasteries etc mostly gone
Clergy can marry, are taxed, tried

Question 3

Reformation Education

Answer 3

Humanism-infused
Study primary sources, classics, Bible(alone, not guided)
Philip Melanchthon: humanism +education

Question 4

Reformation Women

Answer 4

Anti-woman views challenged.
Luther and Calvin emphasize the inportance of women in ministry
Laws protect women. Can divorce for adultery, etc.
Education for women

Question 5

Reformation Family

Answer 5

Wait to get married
More premarital sex
Families have 6-8 kids, 2-4 survive
Unofficial birth control(pull out, sponge, wet nursing)
thomas aquinus opposes

Question 6

Literature

Answer 6

Miguel Cervantes: Don Quixote. Reject idealism. Preach realism.
Shakespeare: plays. Human emotions, bawdy.

Question 7

Catholicism

Answer 7

No divorce
Indulgences
Pope is head.
7 sacraments
Good works save

Question 8

Lutheranism

Answer 8

Germany. 1517.
Faith alone saves (sola fide)
Eucharist is actually jesus
Scripture is authority.
2 sacraments

Question 9

Zwingli

Answer 9

Ulrich Zwingli
Clergy can marry.
Eucharist is symbolic
Scripture is authority

Question 10

Spiritualists

Answer 10

Thomas Müntzer, Sebastian Franck germany, switzerland

Holy spirit speaks to us, is authority

Question 11

Anti-trinitarianism

Answer 11

Michael Servetus. Spain/switzerland
Common sense, rational thinking, ethics.
No original sin or predestination.
Promote tolerance

Question 12

Calvinism

Answer 12

John Calvin Switzerland
Predestination.
Societal change by submission to god’s plan
God is head of church

Question 13

Anabaptists

Answer 13

Conrad Grebel Switzeland, Münster
Adult baptism
Pacifism. No oaths. Polygamy
Schleitheim Confession: beliefs
Form own communities, take scripture literally

Question 14

Anglican

Answer 14

Same as catholic, but henry viii and archbishop of canterbury is head of church and divorce is allowed.

Question 15

Simony

Answer 15

Selling church positions

Question 16

Indulgences

Answer 16

Paying to lessen time in purgatory

Question 17

95 theses

Answer 17

Luther’s arguments against indulgences. On door of castle church, wittenburg. 1517. Excommunicatd 1521. Translates NT to german while in hiding

Question 18

Spread of Lutheranism

Answer 18

Charles V distracted. Lets protestantism spread(Printing press), regional princes don’t care. Schmaldkaldic League forms to fight Catholic church.

Question 19

Johann tetzel

Answer 19

Sells indulgences

Question 20

Diet of Worms

Answer 20

Luther called, told to recant. Refuses and is excommunicated.

Question 21

Diet of Augsburg

Answer 21

Charles V tells all lutherans to recant 1530’s

Question 22

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 22

After crushing Schmaldkaldic League, Charles V lets kings decide what religion their state is(cuius regio, eius religio). People can move if they dont like it. Doesnt help anabaptists, calvinists

Question 23

England

Answer 23

Henry VIII wants divorce, but got dispensation(permission to marry). Makes own branch of church. Son edward pushes protestantism. Mary maks catholic, Elizabeth makes protestant.

Question 24

Catholic Reform

Answer 24

New orders(capuchins, theatines, somaschi, barnabites, ursulines
St teresa of avila, st john of the cross
Jesuits: ignatius of loyola, self-mastery, missions
Council of trent

Question 25

Council of Trent

Answer 25

Pope paul III
18 years, 4 popes
Pope controls. Bishops move to dioceses, slow simony.
No doctrinal concssions to Protestants
Laity cant take eucharist