Religious Matters Flashcards
What were 2 religious aims of Elizabeth?
1) To heal divisions between Catholics and Protestants before they led to unrest and civil war, like in Germany and France
2) To maximise her personal power and wealth by taking as much control over the church as she could.
When was the Act of Supremacy passed?
May 1559
What did the Act of Supremacy do?
-It dealt with Elizabeth’s political aims regarding the church.
-It re-established the break from Rome as well as an independent Church of England
What title did Elizabeth choose instead of Supreme Head, and why?
-Supreme Governor
-She hoped this would pacify the Catholics who did regarded the Pope as the ‘Head’ of Church.
What did Elizabeth require all members of the clergy to do in the Act of Supremacy?
Swear an oath of loyalty to her.
The act also stated that the church would keep its existing what?
What did this do?
Pre-reformation episcopal structure.
This was a concession to the Catholics, as all the European Protestant churches had got rid of this sort of hierarchy.
When was the Act of Uniformity passed?
May 1559, a second law after the Act of Supremacy.
What did the Act of Uniformity aim to do?
End quarrels between Protestants and Catholics by making clear what the Anglican Church believed in.
What was the Church created like in the Act of Uniformity?
Protestant.
What happened to Catholic mass in the Act of Uniformity?
It was abandoned.
What other old Catholic practises were banned in the Act of Uniformity?
Pilgrimages and Saint’s images. Bible and church services were now in English and priests can marry.
However, what did the Act of Uniformity do for Catholics?
-Although it declared the alter should be replaced with a communion table, to please the Catholics it also said that ornaments such as crosses and candles could be placed on the table.
-Priests also had to wear Catholic-style vestments rather than the plain black ones worn by protestants.
What happened to those Catholics unwilling to accept Elizabeth as Head of Church who held public office (as MPs, judges etc)?
Had their position taken away.
What was made compulsory?
Attendance at the Anglican church.
Who were recusants?
Someone, usually a Roman Catholic, who refused to go to church services.
What happened to recusants who followed the popes orders?
They were fined a shilling a week.
What was punishment of Mass like?
You would be fined for attending one, and could face death penalty if found guilty of performing the ceremony itself.
When was Elizabeth ex-communicated and by who? What was this called?
27 April 1570, by Pope Pius V
The papal bull.
What were missionaries?
People who would try to keep Catholicism alive.
Give an example of when English Catholics were trained as missionaries:
In 1568, a school for training seminary priests was founded by William Allen in the Netherlands, the aim was so train English Catholics as missionaries to go back to England and keep Catholicism alive.
What happened a year after the school for training seminary priests was set up?
Some leading Catholic nobles, including the Dukes of Northumberland and Norfolk, led a rebellion in the North, aiming to depose Elizabeth.
What happened a year after the Northern Rebellion?
Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth
Why was Elizabeth being excommunicated very important?
It said that Catholics no longer had to be loyal to the Queen and directly ordered them to disobey her laws or be ex-communicated themselves.
What was introduced as a response to the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth after she was excommunicated?
The Treason Act, 1571.
