English Sailors and Circumnavigation

Question 1

From when did Drake circumnavigate the globe?

Answer 1

Between 1577-1580

Question 2

Name where a colony was established:

Answer 2

At Roanoke on the east coast of America.

Question 3

What happened to the first colony established from the trip?

Answer 3

It failed.

Question 4

When was the second colony set up at Roanoke?

Answer 4

1587.

Question 5

What happened to the second colony set up in America?

Answer 5

When the colony’s leader returned from a trip to England, he found all of the colonists gone and the word ‘CROATOAN’ (the name of a local tribe) carved into a tree.

Question 6

Name 2 ways Drake’s fame increased as a result:

Answer 6

-He was knighted by Elizabeth
-He was made an admiral

Question 7

What Spanish treasure ship was raided?

Answer 7

Nuestra Senora de la Concepcion.

Question 8

What was stolen from this Spanish treasure ship?

Answer 8

36 kilos of gold, 26 tonnes of silver and 13 chests of silver coins

Question 9

What is today’s equivalent of the amount of money stolen from the Spanish treasure ship?

Answer 9

£60 million.

Question 10

Name 3 places Drake raided:

Answer 10

-Valparaiso
-Arica
-El Calleo

Question 11

What did Drake sieze from Valparaiso?

Answer 11

Chilean gold and wine.

Question 12

What did Drake sieze from Arica?

Answer 12

40 bars of silver.

Question 13

What did Drake do in El Calleo?

Answer 13

He robbed every ship in the harbour.

Question 14

Why was the Spanish treasure ship easy to attack?

Answer 14

As the Spanish never expected an English ship on the Pacific coast of the Southern Americas.

Question 15

Name 2 lands/routes that Drake went to confirm on his circumnavigation:

Answer 15

-A great southern continent below South America
-North West Sea Passage to help get to Pacific coat of North America easier

Question 15

Name 2 new inventions that prompted exploration:

Answer 15

-Astrolabe
-Printing press

Question 16

Europeans wanted to find an alternative route which avoided what and why?

Answer 16

A new route which avoided the Ottoman lands. The Ottoman Empire was Muslim and hostile to Christian Europe, so when goods passed from the east through their lands, high taxes were placed on them. New sea routes would mean more goods from the East could be imported for less money.

Question 17

What was there a growing belief about the earth which encouraged discovering new routes?

Answer 17

There was a growing belief that the world was round and not flat.

Question 18

What could new routes help with?

Answer 18

Trade in the East for things like silk, spices, cotton and perfumes which were in great demand.

Question 19

What did the astrolabe help with?

Answer 19

It meant ship’s positions could be plotted accurately.

Question 20

Name 3 new ship designs/technologies which encouraged exploration:

Answer 20

-Smaller ships called caravels and carracks were more manoeuvrable
-Invention of rudder gave crew more control when steering
-Triangular lateen sail also made ship travel easier

Question 21

Who was Drake sponsored by?

Answer 21

Sir Christopher Hatton.

Question 22

What did Drake name one of his ships in respect to his sponsor?

Answer 22

The Golden Hind.

Question 23

What was the English economy heavily dependant on?

Answer 23

Trading links based in Antwerp, the Netherlands.

Question 24

Name 3 trading companies which may have been established as a result of circumnavigation:

Answer 24

-The Levant Company
-The Eastland Company
-The East India company

Question 25

When was the Levant Company formed and what did it trade?

Answer 25

1581 - Trading goods in the Mediterranean like currants and dyes

Question 26

When was the Eastland Company formed and what did it trade?

Answer 26

1579 - It traded timber, tar, canvas and rope with Scandinavia and the Baltic

Question 27

When was the East India Company formed and what did it trade?

Answer 27

1600 - It traded in the far East in silks, spices, cotton and tea

Question 28

How had John Hawkins helped the circumnavigation and what motivated him?

Answer 28

Throughout the 1560’s he had made 3 voyages to the Caribbean, trading slaves from West Africa with Spanish colonies. He made lots of money, returning to England with gold, silver and animal skins. On his last voyage he clashed with the Spanish and lost many men and ships. So he turned to designing new ships for the navy, using his experience from the Spanish attack.

Question 29

When the event of San Juan de Ulea?

Answer 29

1568

Question 30

What was the event of San Juan de Ulea?

Answer 30

After suffering in a storm the English anchored in a Spanish port to make repairs. Despite a truth being made, the English were attacked by the Spanish.

Question 31

Where was Drake born and to who?

Answer 31

He was born in Tavistock, Devon, to a yeoman farmer.

Question 32

What religion was Drake?

Answer 32

A strict Puritan.

Question 33

When was Drake knighted?

Answer 33

1581.

Question 34

What place did Raleigh colonise?

Answer 34

An area of North America and named it ‘Virginia’ in honour of Elizabeth.

Question 35

What 2 things were colonisation seen as solving?

Answer 35

-It would reduce England’s dependence on Europe
-It would solve the poverty crisis in England as emigration would ease the problem of over-population

Question 36

What was Elizabeth exploration the foundation for?

Answer 36

On which Britain’s later position as a global superpower was built.

Question 37

What did Elizabeth exploration mean militarily?

Answer 37

It led to a development of a powerful navy which dominated the seas until the twentieth century.

Question 38

What did Elizabeth exploration mean politically?

Answer 38

It led to the establishment of colonies that later grew into the British Empire, which covered 1/4 of the world at its peak.

Question 39

When was the first successful colony established and where?

Answer 39

4 years after the Queen’s death, the first successful English colony was established in Virginia at Jamestown.