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religious experience Flashcards

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1
Q

ineffable

A

experience beyond language and cant be put into words to describe

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2
Q

noetic

A

knowledge or insight thats gained

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3
Q

transient

A

experience is temporary

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4
Q

passive

A

experience happens to person and person doesnt make experience happen

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5
Q

james description of mystical experience

A

defies expression that no adequate report of its contents can be given in words

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6
Q

james pluralist argument

A

must be explanation to why 4 criteria in all experiences across cultures
-cant be by chance

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7
Q

whats james explanation for RE

A

higher spiritual reality
-W.Stace writer developed this claiming universality of certain features of RE evidence they are real

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8
Q

what does james conclude about RE

A

Mystical experiences core of religion and teaching and practices are second hand religion
-makes james view pluralist that all religions are true

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9
Q

Paul knitter pluralist view

A

metaphor of religion
-each religion is a well
-if you get to bottom of well and water you realise water is also sourcing all other wells
-well is mystical experience and bottom of wells other religions

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10
Q

alternative explanation to james pluralist view

A

-cross similarity have naturalistic explanations
-could be all human brains hallucinate similarly because they evolved similarily
-RE serve a universal psychological function Jung
-without need of higher spiritual reality

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11
Q

james on why RE are not hallucinations

A

RE can have positive and big life changing effects which we can observe
-not hallucniations

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12
Q

James epistemology

A

pragmatist- if something good for us works then its evidence of its truth
-most interested in effects of RE and argued validity depends on those effects

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13
Q

James and alcoholic case study

A

-was unable to give up alcohol
-had RE and gave it up
-after RE he gained power which lacked before
-evidence for experience that came from higher spiritual reality

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14
Q

James on conversion experiences

A

conversions example of life changing impact of RE
-viewed conversion as transformation from unhappy divided to unified happy

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15
Q

counter to James pragmatic view

A

-if hallucination happens to fit certain beliefs person might have then might be life changing even if its not real
-reason for life changing only because of beliefs
-not from higher spiritual reality but hallucination- ockams razor

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16
Q

swinburne and RE

A

evidence analysis based approach
-RE can justify belief in god as long as it survives standard empirical testing

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17
Q

Swinburne principle of rationality

A

if we experience something or someone tells us they have experienced something then thats evidence for that thing probably being true

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18
Q

swinburne principle of credulity

A

-argues you should believe what you experience unless you have reason not to

19
Q

swinburne principle of testimony

A

you should believe what others tell you they have experienced unless you have a reason not to

20
Q

consequence of swinburnes theory

A

-rejects a lot of RE
-many RE caused by someone being a liar or psychological influences
-cases with naturalistic explanations for RE

21
Q

counter to swinburnes theory

A

-is experience of god enough to justify belief in god
-need extraordinary evidence for extraordinary claim

22
Q

what does freud call religion

A

obsessional neurosis thats derived from 2 main psychological factors

23
Q

what are the 2 main psychological factors religion is derived from (Freud)

A

-fear of death- instinctual animalistic fear of death cant control but control out human cognition, so we trigger fear of death on animalistic side
-solution to believe death not end
2- innocence- christians call god father because they want to be a child and innocent forever

24
Q

mirage and humans delusions for religion

A

-person lost in desert desperate for water so they hallucinate it
-likewise humans desperately afraid of death so delude thinking of caring god and afterlife

25
Q

counter- frueds analysis fails to explain mystical RE

A

-because it sense of unity with something infinite and unbounded
-freuds theory might work against visions but mystical are ecstatic, immersive - harder to dismiss as hallucinations caused by delusory wishful thinking

26
Q

evaluation to counter of freud

A

he argues intense mystical experiences are reliving childhood experiences before ego had formed
-explains dissolving sense of self and resultant unity with everything in mystical experiences
-reliving experiences of selflessness
-

27
Q

counter- evaluation

A

plenty of non neurotic religious people
-psychological arguments may be true for a lot but not for even one person
-freud unempirical as small sample and Popper argues freuds theories were unfalsifiable

28
Q

persingers challenge to RE

A

gives physiological challenge to RE

29
Q

persingers god helmet

A

-created god helmet which physiologically manipulated peoples brain waves and sometimes caused them to have RE where they felt presence of unseen beings

30
Q

what are RE for persinger

A

originate from brain
-experiences just an unusual state of the brain
=regular RE caused by unknown brain processes without a machine

31
Q

religious response to persinger

A

-brain manipulation mechanism by which god created RE
-hallucinations manipulating brain with drugs like LSD
-doesnt count against validity of RE that occur without manipulations

32
Q

evaluation of persinger

A

persinger demonstrates RE could have naturalistic explanations
-god helmet cannot rule out supernatural causes
-ockhams razor- simpler so if RE have naturalistic explanation then no need for supernatural cause

33
Q

what are conversion experiences

A

influence a person to join a religion
-any type of RE could be conversion experience

34
Q

St pauls conversion experience

A

road to damascus
-converted to christianity
-jesus said saul why do you persecute me
-he said who are you and jesus said its me who your persecuting

35
Q

freud on conversion experiences

A

freuds psychological critique applied to conversion experiences

36
Q

defence of conversion experiences from Freud

A

-conversion experiences from one religion to another not wishful thinking or fear of death
-person having experience already believed in god so wishful thinking of afterlife already satisfied by current religion

37
Q

what are corporate RE

A

-multiple people have RE together
-acts 2:3- all of them were filled with HS and began to speak tongues

38
Q

toronto blessing

A
39
Q

pentacostalism

A

focus on intense shared worship
-speaking in tongues
-form of corporate RE

40
Q

psychological group dynamics as criticism to corporate RE -

A

-mass hysteria and social compliance
-religious mania
-example of people who think they have seen aliens
-group delusion possible not caused by higher power- ockhams razor

41
Q

multiple claims issue

A

-RE have evidence against them and since not all religions cant be true- RE about different religions conflict with each other
-if all religions have RE and most religions cant be true then generally unreliable RE

42
Q

multiple claim issue 2

A

-evidence for one religion must be taken as evidence against all of others
-claiming RE is evidence for a particular religious belief only creates more evidence against it

43
Q

pluralism response to multiple claims issue

A

-James and hick think mystical RE occuring in all religions and being life changing show they are true in pragmatic sense
-different religions like blind men touching different part of elephant

philosophy of religion (10 decks)

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