Religious change in the 1530s & 40s Flashcards

1
Q

Religious Changes

3 Acts

A

Changes were designed to put pressure on the Church and prevent resisting Henry’s desire for divorce.

Act of Supremacy (1534) - Confirmed Henry as Head of the Church of England

Act of the Ten Articles (1536) Rejected 4 of the 7 sacraments of Catholic belief

Royal Injunctions - Ordered an English Bible in parishes

Other acts stopped payment to Rome and ended the Pope’s role in Church appointments

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2
Q

Evidence of no change to Protestantism

2

A

John Lambert executed in 1538 for denying transubstantiation

The 6 Articles forbade communion and confirmed transubstantiation

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3
Q

Dissolution of the Monasteries

A

Cromwell visited monasteries and claimed they were in a state of ‘decay’.
The Act of Dissolution closed all small monasteries (income of less than £200 a year) in 1536

Larger ones were closed in 1539-40

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4
Q

Motives for the Dissolution

2 Religious, 2 Financial

A

Religious
Cromwell and other protestants disapproved of purgatory (limbo).
Reports suggested behaviour of the monks was poor but this was likely exaggerated

Financial
Cromwell promised to make Henry the ‘richest man in Christendom’.
Henry had used up finances in France and used the money from the dissolution to build fortifications on the south coast in preparation for a Catholic Crusade

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5
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace

A

1536

40,000 men compared to only 8,000 Henry could raise
Rebels took York and Pontefract Castle, the ‘gateway to the South’.
Rebels restored some monasteries and used the banner of the 5 Wounds of Christ

Rebel issues:

  • Dissolution of the monasteries
  • Enclosure
  • Taxation

Henry negotiated and offered compromises, but after another rising in 1537 he crushed the revolt

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6
Q

Was England Protestant by time of Henry’s death?

A

No:

  • Act of the 6 articles confirmed transubstantiation and forbade communion of both kinds, a protestant belief.
  • John Lambert executed in 1538 for denying transubstantiation, a Catholic Belief
  • Only 20% of those in London were Protestant, with numbers being far less further north
  • Evidence from wills in counties such as Gloucstershire were largely Catholic in wording, putting trust in Virgin Mary and salvation through Christ, rather than the Protestant belief that salvation was assured
  • Henry was educated as a Catholic
  • Thomas Cromwell was executed for heresy, part of which was down to claims that he wished to implement a full Protestant church, which Henry was against
  • The ease that Mary was able to restore Catholicism in 1553 suggests it was still popular

Yes:

  • Break from Rome & Dissolution of the Monasteries, with an attack on the Catholic belief of Purgatory. However, this was largely financial and Henry was educated as a Catholic
  • 1536 Act of 10 Articles rejected 4 of the 7 Catholic sacraments
  • Royal Injunctions made an English bible necessary in each Parish
  • A Protestant, John Cheke, was appointed as tutor for Edward, influencing him to be a Protestant himself

Eval. - England was not protestant by Henry’s death. A small percentage in the South-east were, but Henry’s laws such as the Act of the 6 Articles confirmed Catholic beliefs. Break from Rome and Dissolution of Monasteries was largely financial

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