religious challenges Flashcards
what were vestments
special clothing worn by clergy during worship
who were puritans
radical protestants who wanted to purify the christian religion by getting rid of anything that was not in the bible
how would the puritans make the world a more ‘godly’ place
by banning ‘sinful’ activities such as gambling and cock fighting
why did elizabeth place a crucifix on top of all the churches
she was anxious not to upset her catholic subjects
how did puritans react to the crucifixes
they opposed this and some puritan bishops threatened to resign, elizabeth backed down as she could not replace them with educated protestant clergy of similar ability
elizabeths wanted the clergy to wear special vestments how did the puritans react
resisted this, arguing that the clergy should either wear no vestments or simple vestments.
what did thomas parker require in 1556
that priests in his book of advertisements to attend an exhibition showing the vestments they must wear
what did thomas parkers action result in
the resignation of 37 puritan priests who refused to attend church and to wear the new vestments as required
what happened in 1534
act of supremacy:the king and not the pope is head of the church of england
what happened in 1517
start of the reformation under martin luther
what happened in 1553-58
catholicism is restored under mary tudor
what happened in 1559
elizabeths religious settlement
what happened in 1545-63
council of trent and counter reformation leads to determination to reverse gains made by protestantism in europe and england since reformation
what was put in place to reverse the spread of protestantism
counter reformation in europe
what fraction of the english nobility and a large part of the gentry are recusants
1/3
when did religious war begin in france
1562
who did elizabeth back in the french war and why
french protestants hoping to take back calais in return
what did the counter reformation mean
the pope was prepared to end protestant rule in england
when did the pope excommunicated elizabeth and what did this meant
1570, this could only encourage catholic powers such as france and spain to attack england
what does excommunication mean
being formally excluded from the catholic church and unable to receive its sacraments
who did the dutch rebel against in 1566
spanish occupation
why was spain angry with england in 1568
cos england’s seizure of the genoese loan
what was the genoese loan
the italian city of genoa lent gold to the spanish government
when did elizabeth seize the gold of genoa
when the ships sheltered in english ports
what did elizabeth say about the gold and who it belonged to
she said it belonged to italian bankers not spain
what year was the spanish rule in netherlands secure
1570
what did the privy council fear in 1570 and why
feared a spanish invasion as spanish troops were in the spanish netherlands close to england
what did the presence of mary queen of scots as an alternative catholic monarch
encouraged the spanish government to plot against elizabeth
