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history- early elizabethan england > plots and revolts at home > Flashcards

plots and revolts at home Flashcards

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1
Q

why did the northern earls rebel

A
  • the earls and their followers wanted to make england catholic again. they especially resented the appointment of james pilikington as bishop of durham in 1561
  • the earls had lost much of their influence at court under elizabeth. they resented the ‘new men’
  • elizabeths refusal to name an heir, or to marry and have a child, created uncertainty. the earls feared civil war and loss of power and wealth under a future protestant monarch
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2
Q

who were the rebels in 1569-70

A
  • charles neville
  • jane neville
  • thomas howard
  • mary queen of scots
  • ann percy
  • thomas percy
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3
Q

who was charles neville

A

earl of westmorland- a major catholic northern landowner

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4
Q

who was jane neville

A

the wife of charles neville and then the duke of norfolks sister

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5
Q

who was thomas howard

A

‘duke of norfolk’, a senor noble and protestant, with family links to the old northern catholic families. he planned to marry mary queen of scots

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6
Q

who was ann percy

A

the wife of thomas percy

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7
Q

who was thomas percy

A

earl of northumberland, a major catholic northern landowner

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8
Q

what was the marriage plan

A

mary would marry the duke of norfolk, remove elizabeth and become queen herself. she told the spanish ambassador in 1569 that she “shall be queen on england in three months” and that “mass shall be said all over the country”

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9
Q

who told elizabeth of the revolt of the northern earls plotand what did it lead to

A

robert dudley. leading to norfolks arrest and imprisonment in the tower

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10
Q

why did elizabeth move mary to coventry

A

to stop her escaping to join the rebels

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11
Q

what are the 3 reasons the revolt of the northern earls failed

A
  • support from spain never arrived
  • many northern landowners remained loyal to elizabeth
  • many landowners did not want to risk losing wealth gained from the dissolution of the monasteries under henry 8th by backing a failed revolt
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12
Q

what are the 4 significant things of the revolt of the northern earls

A
  • it showed mary queen of scots could not be trusted- and she remained in prison
  • the pope excommunicated elizabeth and called on loyal Catholics to depose her. this encouraged further catholics plots against her
  • loyalty of englands catholics was now in doubt, forcing the government to take harsh steps against them
  • elizabeths control over the north of england was strengthened
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13
Q

when was the revolt of the northern earls

A

1569-70

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14
Q

when was the ridolfi plot

A

1571

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15
Q

why did elizabeth and her privy council treat catholics suspiciously

A

the failure of the revolt of the northern earls and the papal bull of 1570

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16
Q

why did many catholics plot against elizabeth

A

earl of huntingdon implemented laws against catholics in the north of england

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17
Q

what was roberto ridolfi’s job

A

italian banker

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18
Q

who was ridolfi a spy for

A

the pope

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19
Q

what was ridolfi’s plan

A

start a spanish invasion and put mary queen of scots on the english throne. mary would then marry the duke of norfolk

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20
Q

when did ridolfi travel to the netherlands

A

march 1571

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21
Q

why did ridolfi get a signed letter by the duke of norfolk

A

because norfolk declared himself a catholic and pledged to lead the rebellion with philip second support

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22
Q

what did philip instruct the duke of alba

A

to prepare 10,000 troops to send across the english channel in support of the revolt

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23
Q

who discovered the ridolfi plot

A

sir william cecil

24
Q

when was cecil able to prove norfolk of what crime and when

A

1571, guilty of high treason

25
Q

how did ridolfi react to the crimes of norfolk

A

he never returned to england

26
Q

when did parliament reconvened

A

may 1572

27
Q

when parliament was reconvened what was demanded

A

the execution of both norfolk and mary queen of scots

28
Q

when was norfolk executed

A

june 1572

29
Q

why did elizabeth have to proceed cautiously

A

executing mary would further anger english catholics and possibly unite france and spain against her

30
Q

what are the 4 significant things about the ridolfi plot

A
  • it reinforced the threat from spain would support any plots against elizabeth
  • the threat from spain meant that england needed to improve relations with france, as england could not fight both countries at once
  • the government now began to monitor catholics more closely and to treat them more severely
  • it confirmed that the english catholics and mary remained a threat to elizabeth
31
Q

what did the two laws that were passed in 1581 mean

A

that families could be fined for sheltering priests and charged with treason if they converted people to catholicism

32
Q

when was the throckmorton plot

A

1583

33
Q

what was the throckmorton plot plan

A

the french duke of guise, a cousin of mary, queen of scots, plotted to invade england and overthrow elizabeth , free mary and make england catholic again

34
Q

who offered to pay for the revolt

A

philip II

35
Q

who approved the revolt

A

the pope

36
Q

how would francis throckmorton and the plotters communicate and mary, queen of scots

A

pass letters

37
Q

who discovered the throckmorton plot

A

sir francis walsingham

38
Q

who was sir francis walsingham

A

elizabeths secretary of state

39
Q

when did sir francis walsingham discover the throckmorton plot

A

may 1583

40
Q

what did walsingham’s spies find at throckmorton’s house in november 1583

A

papers that revealed his part of the conspiracy

41
Q

what was the significance of the throckmorton plot

A
  • revealed extent of the threat posed by foreign catholic powers
  • showed potential threat from france and spain
  • showed the governments fears of ‘enemy within’
42
Q

when was mary sentenced to prison

A

1586

43
Q

what three things made sir francis walsingham important

A
  • actions provided intelligence that defeated plots
  • actions deterred plots against elizabeth
  • intelligence unmasked the activities of mary
44
Q

where did walsingham have his spies

A

every town

45
Q

who trained and paid walsingham’s spies

A

government

46
Q

who were the paid informants

A

these were often people who knew or were likely to know potential plotters against the queen

47
Q

who was a paid informant

A

john hart who turned in return for a royal pardon

48
Q

what other countries did walsingham have spies in

A

france. germany, spain. italy. north africa

49
Q

how did walsingham make sure no one could understand his letters

A

he used ciphers (codes) for all correspondences. so his letters could be written in code and translated after

50
Q

what did walsingham have to help him with the plotters

A

he had the means of decoding (deciphering) the codes of those who plotted against elizabeth

51
Q

who was one of the specialist walsingham hired to help him

A

thomas phelippes

52
Q

under walsingham, how many priests and supporters were put to death

A

130 priests and 60 of their supports

53
Q

why was the threat of execution and torture effective

A

it provided walsingham with informants he could use against plotters

54
Q

when did walsingham use torture and why

A

only in the most extreme cases as he did not want ordinary people to sympathise with plotters

55
Q

what were the 6 reasons mary queen of scots executed

A
  • she was involved in a series of plots against elizabeth
  • walsingham’s spies had unearthed evidence that mary was involved with the plotters
  • the spanish threat was real by 1587
  • mary remained a rallying point for disgruntled catholics who saw her as the legitimate queen
  • the pope excommunicated elizabeth, making mary an alternative catholic
  • mary had a son who would be the heir to the throne
56
Q

what were the 4 significance of the execution of mary queen of scots

A
  • mary was an anointed monarch so executing her set a dangerous precedent
  • the execution further angered spain and gave philip II further reason to attack england as mary left her claim to the throne to philip on her death
  • the execution left elizabeth without an heir, increasing the chances of a civil war on her death
  • the execution removed an important threat to elizabeth, as there was now no alternative monarch to replace her

history- early elizabethan england (12 decks)

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