Religion under Mary Flashcards
What was Mary’s dilemma?
-she had to decide whether to go to moderate Catholicism or back to full Catholicism or establish a new form of Catholicism
What is the acronym for Mary’s religious changes?
Always
Respect
Her
Superiority
Before
Privy
Council
What does the acronym stand for?
Act of Repeal 1553
Royal injunctions 1554 March
Heresy Laws 1554 April
2nd Act of Repeal 1554 November
First protestant burnings John Rodgers February (Latimer and Ridley burned October) 1555
Pole made Archbishop of Canterbury 1556 March
Cranmer burned 1556
What did Mary’s proclamation say on the 16th August 1553?
-she feared opposition and wanted everyone to follow ‘peaceful Christian lives’ and if they don’t they would be ‘severely punished’
-she wants people to calmly follow her views and ‘quietly follow suit’
-it is passive aggressive->she is warning people
How many days was Mary’s proclamation on the 16th August 1553 after she arrived in London?
-13 days after she arrived in London
What was religion like when Mary came to the throne?
-lots of religious divide
What is Mary conscious about to do with religion?
-she is aware that she can’t change religion quickly so she is trying to slowly gather support
-she had just fought for her place on the throne and wanted to avoid a civil war so she is trying to assert her authority
what were many prominent Protestant Clergy deprived of in August 1553?
-deprived of their livings
Who were arrested and imprisoned in September 1553?
-Archbishop Cranmer was arrested
-Prominent Protestants such as Hugh Latimer, John Hooper, Nicholas Ridley, John Rogers and others were imprisoned
What did Parliament refuse to repeal in the autumn of 1553?
-the Act of Supremacy
When was the Act of Repeal passed and what was it?
-autumn of 1553
-undid all of the Edwardian Reformation
What did the Act of Repeal do? (5)
-undid all of the Edwardian Reformation
-made England moderately Catholic
-revived the Mass, ritual worship and clerical celibacy
-implicitly reaffirmed the tradition doctrine of the Lord’s Supper (Transubstantiation)
-restored the Church to what it had been in 1547 under the Act of Six Articles
What did Mary give up in December 1553?
-her title of Supreme Head of the Church
What was a result of mass exodus of Protestants to Germany and Switzerland in January 1554?
-Mass exodus of Protestants to Germany and Switzerland ->estimated to have been 800 protestants allowed to leave England
When were Royal Injunctions issued in 1554?
-March
What did Royal Injunctions do? (4)
-ordered Bishops to suppress Heresy
-removed married Clergy
-re-ordained Clergy who had been ordained under the English Ordinal
-restored Holy Days, processions and ceremonies
What did Bishop Gardiner do in March 1554?
-Bishop Gardiner started to deprive married Priests of their livings
-some were reinstated when they conformed
Roughly what percentage of Clergy were deprived for being married in March 1554?
10-25%
How many Priests lost their posts in the Diocese in March 1554?
-in the Diocese of Norwich 243 Priests lost their posts, 90 in Bath and Wales
What did Parliament initially reject in April 1554?
-the reintroduction of the Heresy Laws
Why did Parliament accept the Heresy Laws?
-they declined due to fears about having to give back Monastic lands ->they agreed when promised that former Monastic lands would not be restored to Church ownership
Who returned to England in November 1554 and why?
-Cardinal Pole->the sentence of excommunication was lifted
Who was Pole?
-Papal Legate
When was the Second Act of Repeal and Bishop Bonner’s Book of Homilies passed and published?
-November 1554
What did the Second Act of Repeal do?
-undid Henry’s Reformation
What did Mary plan an investigation for in January 1555?
-a commission to consider re-founding some of the religious houses
Who became the first Protestant to Martyr of the reign in February 1555?
-John Rogers (a Biblical translator)
-he was burned under the restored Heresy Laws
Who were burned on October 16th 1555?
-Bishop Ridley and Latimer were burned for Heresy in Oxford
Who died on the 12th November 1555 and how did it benefit Paget??
-Stephen Gardiner
-Paget had more control
What was Cranmer deprived of on November 13th 1555?
-of the see of Canterbury
Who was named Archbishop of Canterbury in December 1555?
Pole