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religion, crime and punishment Flashcards

1
Q

what is civil disobedience?

A

the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government

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2
Q

quotes supporting whether it is right to break a law:

A
  • “whoever rebels against the authority is rebelling against what God has instituted”
  • “judge for yourselves whether it is right in God’s sight to obey you rather than God”
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3
Q

who were some figures that participated in civil disobedience?

A
  • rosa parks: “you must never be fearful about what you are doing when it is right”
  • mahatma gandhi: “civil disobedience becomes a sacred duty when the state has become lawless and corrupt.
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4
Q

what is a crime?

A

an act or omission which is an offence and punishable by law

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5
Q

what is a criminal?

A

one who commits an offence, punishable by law

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6
Q

what is civil law?

A

concerns disputes between private individuals or groups

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7
Q

what are the three different types of crime?

A
  • crimes against the person
  • crimes against property
  • crimes against the state
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8
Q

what is crime against the person and what are some examples?

A

causing direct harm-assault, muder, hate-crime etc.
- murder, spying, assault

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9
Q

what are some examples of crimes against property?

A
  • burglary, theft, trespassing, vandalism
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10
Q

what are some examples of crimes against the state?

A
  • spying, terrorism, selling state secrets
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11
Q

why might people commit crime?

A
  • greed
  • hate
  • poverty
  • upbringing
  • addiction
  • to oppose an unjust law
  • mental illness
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12
Q

what do christians say as poverty being a reason for crime?

A

while christians condemn stealing they are keen to make sure that nobody is so poor that they use poverty as an excuse for stealing

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13
Q

pope francis quote; on poverty

A

“focusing on poverty and sacrificing for the poor are the heart of the gospel. if christians don’t dig deep and generously open up their wallets, they do not have genuine faith”

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14
Q

what are some christian attitudes to punishment?

A
  • some believe that punishment should be as severe as the crime committed
  • most believe offender should be helped in order that they do not reoffend again - they hate the crime not the criminal
  • the believe that offenders have rights which should be protected, even while they are being punished
  • they believe that the inhumane treatment of offenders is wrong
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15
Q

quotes condemning crime

A

“there is neither jew nor gentile, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in christ jesus” - condems hate-crimes

“do to others what you want them to do to you” - condemns theft

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16
Q

what are the five aims of punishment?

A

deterrence, protection, retribution, reform, reparation

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17
Q

what is deterrence and what are some examples of it?

A

acts as a warning to prevent crimes from being committed
- death penalty
- flogging//torture
- fine

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17
Q

what is protection and what are some examples of it?

A

to protect innocent people from those who may wish to harm them
- prison sentence
- death penalty
- solitary confinement

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18
Q

what is retribution and what are some examples of it?

A

a way for victims of the crime to see that the person has been paid back for what they’ve done
- death penalty
- torture

19
Q

what is reform and what are some examples of it?

A

to give the criminal an opportunity to think about their mistakes and become a better person
- education
- psychiatric assessment and counselling

20
Q

what is reparation and what are some examples of it?

A

the action of making amends for a wrong one has done
- community service

21
Q

what is prison?

A

those who are convicted of more serious crimes lose their liberty through prison sentences.
- the most serious crimes are punishable with life sentences although they rarely serve life

22
Q

what is corporal punishment?

A

an offender is punished by causing them physical pain (illegal in the UK)

23
Q

what is community service?

A

a non-custodial sentence for lesser crimes such as vandalism, benefit fraud etc,

24
Q

what are the advantages of prison?

A
  • it can protect society from dangerous criminals that could be a threat to life, like murderers or rapists
  • it can protect society from dangerous criminals that could be a threat to life, like murderers or rapists
  • it acts as a deterrent, making people afraid of committing crimes
  • the existence of prisons helps to vindicate the authority of the law - it shows that crime and punishment is taken seriously
  • it can offer the chance to reform as inmates can gain an education or new skills whilst they are in prison to help them when they are released
25
Q

what are the disadvantages of prison?

A
  • prison is very expensive - £30,000 per year to keep someone in prison
  • many prisoners learn criminal skills or meet other criminals in prison. this leads to higher rates of re-offence or more serious crimes being committed after release
  • prisons are massively over-crowded - many have double what they can hold. this creates an atmosphere where prisoners start to resent society and may not wish to fit back in when released
  • having a prison record can make it difficult to get a job after release, due to a social stigma. sending people to prison just makes it harder for a criminal to turn away from crime
    -the children and family of imprisoned criminals suffer the loss if a parent, even though they haven’t done anything wrong
26
Q

quotes for the christian views on punishment

A
  • colossians 3:25: “the wrongdoer will be paid back for thr wrong he has done, and there is no partiality”
  • romans: “repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honourable in the sight of all… beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of god, for it is written, “vengeance is mine, i will repay, says the lord”
27
Q

who was elizabeth fry?

A
  • was a quaker who was one of the first people to stress the need for prisoners to be given more basic human rights
  • this was due to the inhumane conditions at a prison she visited
  • she introduced the idea of privacy for prisoners and the need to teach them a trade while in prison
28
Q

what is the prison reform trust and whata are their objectives?

A
  • an independent UK charity working to create a just, humane and effective penal system
  • they carry this out by inquiring into the workings of the system; informing prisoners, staff and the wider public and by influencing the parliament, government and officials towards reform
  • their main objectives are:
    • reducing unnecessary imprisonment and promoting community solutions to crime
    • improving treatment and conditions for prisoners and their families
    • promoting equality and human rights in the justice system
29
Q

what are the christian views on prison?

A
  • many support the use of prisons for more serious crimes
    “the wrongdoer will be paid back for the wrong he has done, and there is no partiality” - they also believe that prisoners should be treated well
30
Q

what does hinduism believe abo

A
  • the primary aim of prison should be to protect society from dangerous criminals - hindus believe the way criminals are treated should help them as well as punish them
31
Q

what are the christian views on corporal punishment?

A
  • they don’t support corporal punishment - - - it does not seek to reform an offender, so can be seen as negative and harmful punishment - doesn’t show respect for the individual
  • some may agree with corporal punishment because there is scripture in the bible: “he who spares the rod hates their children, but the one who loves their children is careful to discipline them”
32
Q

what are the hindu views on corporal punishment?

A

the sequence of punishments in the laws of manu seek to avoid physical punishment

33
Q

what are the christian views on community service?

A
  • most christians approve of community service as it allows offenders to make up for what they’ve done
    “repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honourable in the sight of all”
  • deters the from committing future offences - no harm is done to the offender
34
Q

what do hindus believe about community service?

A
  • the laws of manu it states that manual labour should be completed rather than paying a fine
  • rig veda: the treatment of criminals should be on an individual level, to try and help as well as punish
35
Q

social and political views supporting capital punishment

A
  • it gives justice to the victim
  • protects society from the worst type of criminals
  • waiting in prison is mental torture
  • it is a cheaper solution than keeping criminals in prison for life
  • families of those killed need justice and retribution
  • acts as a deterrent and there will be fewer murders
36
Q

social and political views against capital punishment

A
  • it is barbaric and uncivilised
  • most murders are not planned but occur in the height of emotions so capital punishment has no deterrent effect
  • sometimes innocent people are wrongly accused
  • it is a contradiction to condemn murder but kill convicts
  • all criminals should be given the chance to reform
  • does not deter crime → countries with no death penalty have a low murder rate
  • executing murderers demonstrates that society doesn’t regard human life to be scared
  • if someone is put to death then they’ll have no chance to change their life or to contribute positively to society
37
Q

what are the christians view supporting capital punishment

A
  • the old testament set capital punishment as a penalty for some crimes - “whoever shed the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed”

church of england:
- have never retracted their support for capital punishment
- “the laws of the realm may punish men with death for heinous and grievous offences” → articles of the church of england

38
Q

what are the christians view against capital punishment

A
  • jesus teaches forgiveness not retribution - “if anyone of you is without sin, let him cast the first stone”
  • st paul teaches against retribution - “do not repay evil for evil… do not take revenge, for it is written ‘vengeance is mine says the lord”

christian beliefs
believe that life is sacred and only god has the right to take life
- jesus came to save (reform) people, you cannot reform an executed man
- jesus overturned an eye for an eye’ with commands for forgiveness

pope francis:

  • pope changed the catechism of the church saying that capital punishment can never be sanctioned because it ‘attacks’ the inherent dignity of all
39
Q

what is the significance of forgiveness?

A

a change in feelings and attitudes to a person from negative to positive
- to forgive a criminal doesn’t mean they are being let off for their crime but rather the victim tries to let go of the hatred and anger caused by the criminal’s actions

40
Q

what is repentance?

A

a commitment to personal change in life and regret to past ways

41
Q

quotes on forgiveness:

A
  • ‘father, forgive them, they know not what they do’
  • ‘forgive us our sins as we forgive those who sin against us’
  • “Lord, how often will my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? As many as seven times?” Jesus said to him, “I do not say to you seven times, but seventy-seven times.”
42
Q

what is the parable of the unforgiving servant?

A

the parable acts as a warning to those who don’t forgive because then they cannot be forgiven by god

43
Q

what is consequentialism?

A

the right or wrongs of an action are decided by the consequences that it produces

44
Q

what is principal of utility?

A

approves or disapproves of an action according to whether or not it produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people → greatest extent of consequentialism

45
Q

what is deontology?

A

actions are right or wrong in themselves. in other words there are they are ‘intrinsically’ wrong regardless of the consequences

46
Q

what are the hindu views on forgiveness?

A
  • ‘forgiveness is the one supreme peace’ - mahabharata
  • it isn’t someone’s duty to blame and punish, that happens with karma

rpe (8 decks)

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