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christian beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

what do christians believe about god?

A
  • god is the creator and sustainer of all that exists
  • god inspires people to follow god’s will
  • people can have a relationship with with god through prayer
  • god is the spirit - neither male nor female - bu has the quaities of both
  • god is holy
  • jesus is god’s son - a true representation of god on earth
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2
Q

quote about the oneness of god and nature of god:

A

“we believe in one god”
“i am the lord your God,…you shall have no other gods before me.”
“nothing is impossible with god”
“god so loved the world that he gave his only son”

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3
Q

what does omnipotent mean?

A
  • all-powerful
  • unlimited authority
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4
Q

what does benevolent mean?

A
  • all-loving
  • uses his power to do good
  • shows his love to humanity by creating and caring for them
  • he also shows his love by sending jesus to earth
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5
Q

what does just mean?

A
  • he is the perfect judge of humankind
  • never supports injustice or maltreatment
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6
Q

what are the problems of evil and suffering?

A
  • if god is benevolent, why does he allow people to suffer and hurt others?
  • if he is omnipotent, why does he not prevent evil and suffering like that caused by natural disasters?
  • if god is just why would he allow people to be treated unjustly?
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7
Q

what is the inconsistent triad?

A

god’s omnipotence and benevolence while evil and suffering still exist // can they exist at the same time?

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8
Q

what is a theodicy?

A

like a theory which attempts to solve the poblem of evil while preserving go’d nature as omnipotent and benevolent

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9
Q

what does the iranean theodicy suggest?

A
  • everything happens for a reason
  • people get rewarded in the afterlife
  • we were given freewill so humans cause suffering not god
  • suffering helps us grow and evolve - makes better people
  • you can’t be charitable unless someone is in need
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10
Q

what does the augustinian theodicy suggest?

A
  • suffering is a misue of freewill and is a punishment disobedience
  • the world was created perfect but evil and suffering was then brought in by adam and eve’s sin in the garden of eden + their sin was passed onto all humans
  • god allows suffering because it is a punishment for human sin and god is just
  • god is still loving because he saves humans anyway through jesus’ death and resurrection
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11
Q

what is the trinity?

A
  • understood as the relationship of love between father, son and holy spirit
  • the trinity is god both separately and as one
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12
Q

what is the role of god, the father?

A
  • the creator of all life acts as a good father to his children
  • he is omnipotent, omni-benevolent, omniscient and omnipresent
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13
Q

what is the role of god the son?

A
  • he became incarnate through jesus who was fully human on earth and still fully god
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14
Q

what is the role of god the holy spirit?

A
  • the unseen power of god at work in the world, who influences, guides and sustains
  • free of any sin or darknesss
  • no beginning or end
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15
Q

quote about god the father:

A

“god saw all that he made, and it was very good”

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16
Q

quote about god the son:

A

“i am the way, the truth and the life”
“this is my son whom i love; with him i am well pleased”
“again the high priest asked him, ‘are you the christ, the son of the blessed one?” i am, ‘said jesus”
“when jesus was baptised. a voice from heaven said ‘you are my son”
“surely this man was the son of god!”

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17
Q

quote about the holy spirit:

A

“as soon as jesus was baptized… that moment heaven opened and he saw the spirit of god desending like a dove”
“i believe in god, the father.. he was conceived by the power of the holy spirit”

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18
Q

what are the different views on the trinity?

A
  • NON-TRINITARIAN/UNITARIAN : a few christians do not believe in the trinity as it implies a contradiction (eg. how can god be three and yet one?); they choose to focus on the idea that there is only one god and the others are just alternative ways of understanding god
  • TRINITARIAN: most believe that the trinity is an essential part of the christian belief. they argue that trinity is implied in biblical passages
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19
Q

what is creation?

A

the belief that god caused the world amd everything in it to come into existence

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20
Q

what are the christian beliefs about creation?

A
  • many believe that while the creation story in the genesis might not be scientifically accurate, there is some religious truth (creation myth)
  • others believe that god literally made the world in six days. he created everything out of choice and created everything to be good
  • some accept that scientific theories like the big bang, as well as believing the creation story in genesis -> god is the designer and the big bang is how he made it all
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21
Q

what is a creation myth?

A

something that isn’t literally true but allows one to understand the fundamental truths surroudning god

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22
Q

quotes about creation

A
  • “in the beginning, god created the heavens and the earth”
  • “god said ‘let there be light’ and there was light”
  • “the word was with god and the word is god”
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23
Q

why is the creation story important to christians?

A
  • god created the world
  • god chose to create, the world has a purpose and is not an accident
  • the world is scared because god chose to create it
  • the world is caused and designed by god; each life is caused and designed by god therefore each human is special and has a purpose
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24
Q

what are young and old earth creationists?

A

young earth creationists//fundamentalists - believe the world was literally made in six days

old earth creationists - believe it was six periods , rather than six days

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25
Q

quotes about jesus’ incarnation

A
  • “and the word became flesh”
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26
Q

what are the christian beliefs about jesus’ incarnation?

A
  • angel gabriel appeared to mary and jesus explaining that it wasn’t an ordinary conception
  • gospels ecplain that mary coceived jesus without ever having sex
  • the virgin conception is evidence that jesus was the son of god
  • through incarnation, god showed himself as a human being for 30 years
  • god was fully humans, which explains his miracles and the resurrection (hypostatic union)
  • his words and deeds had authority because they were the word of god
27
Q

quote about jesus’ crucifixion

A

“father, into your hands i commit my spirit”

28
Q

what happened during jesus’ crucifixion?

A
  • jesus was sentenced to death by crucifixion by pontius pilate
  • jesus forgave those who crucified him and promised one of the men crucified with him that he would join god in paradise
  • was buried in a cave like tomb
29
Q

why is jesus’ crucifixion important?

A
  • it gives hope to christian’s that their sins will be forgiven if they sincerely repent
  • christians believe that god understands humans suffering because jesus experienced it
  • christians accept that suffering is a part of life as it was a part of god’s life
30
Q

what happened during the resurrection?

A
  • people went to the tomb and saw that jesus’ body was not there
  • the news spread that jesus had risen from the dead
  • over the next few days, jesus appeared to several people. he told them that he had risen from the dead as he had predicted before the crucifixion
31
Q

what happened during the ascension of jesus?

A
  • after meeeting with his disciples and asking them to carry on his work, jesus left them and returned to his father in heaven
32
Q

quote about ascension:

A

“while he was blessing them, he left them and was taken into heaven”

33
Q

what is the significance of the resurrection?

A
  • shows the power of god over evil and ife over death
  • means christians’ sins will be forgiven if they follow god’s laws
  • means christians will be resurrected if theyaccept jesus, so there is no need to fear death
  • means life after death is real
  • gives hope of a future life withe jesus
34
Q

what is the significance of ascension?

A
  • shows that jesus is with god in heaven
  • paves the way for god to send the holy spirit to provide comfort and guidance
35
Q

quote about resurrection:

A

“and if christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith. but christ has indeed been raised from the dead”
-> christianity would not exist without resurrection because it is significant evidence for christians of the divine nature of jesus
“so will it be with the resurrection of the dead. the body that is sown is perishable, it is raised imperishable”

36
Q

what are the diffrent views on resurrection?

A
  • some belief that the body is resurrected soon after death
  • others believe that the dead will be resurrected sometime in the future when jesus will return to judge everyone who has ever lived
  • catholic and orthodox christians believe in bodily resurrection (both spiritual and physical): the physical body is restored into a new, spiritual body
  • others believe it will just be spiritual
37
Q

quote about bodily resurrection:

A

“if there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body”

38
Q

what are christian beliefs on the afterlife?

A
  • they will be resurrected and receive eternal life after they die. that is a gift from, dependent on faith in god
  • they will be jidged by god at some point after they die and either rewarded with heaven or punished with hell
  • judgement will take place soon after death or on the day of judgement
39
Q

quote about life after death:

A

“he ascended into heaven, and is seated on the right hand of the father, and he will come to judge the living and the dead: i believe in the resurrection of the body; and the life everlasting”

40
Q

what are the christian beliefs on judgement?

A
  • they believe that after they die, god will judge them and theur behaviour and actions during their lifetime and their faith in god
  • parable of the sheep and goats teaches christians that in serving others, they are serving jesus so they should live their lives being charitable
  • before death, jesus told his disciples that he would prepare a place for them in heaven with god if they had full faith in him and followed his teachings
41
Q

quotes about the concept of judgement:

A

“for i was hungry and you gave me something to eat”
“i am the way and the truth and the life. no one comes to the father except through me”
“all the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats” - sheep and goat parable

42
Q

what is heaven?

A

the state or place of eternal happiness and peace in the presence of god

43
Q

what is hell?

A

place of eternal suffering or the state of being without god

44
Q

what is purgatory? and which denomination belives in this?

A
  • an intermediate state where souls are cleansed in order to enter heaven
  • roman catholics believe in this middle realm
45
Q

what are the christian beliefs about heaven?

A
  • heaven is experiencing god’s presence and eternal peace
  • some christians believe it a physical place where god sits on a throne and angels are present
  • others believe it is a spiritual realm beyond time and space and the spiritual existence of peace and happiness, in the eternal presence of god
46
Q

what are the christian beliefs about hell?

A
  • opposite as heaven, a place without god
  • eternal suffering
  • ruled over by satan (the devil)
  • sometimes seen as a physical place - fiery pit of doom
  • others think it is a spiritual realm -> the terror and suffering one has to endure when there is a lack of god’s presence
47
Q

what are the christian beliefs on who goes to heaven?

A
  • exclusivists - some believe that only christians go to heaven
  • pluralists - all good people with faith, of any religion, go to heaven
  • some question whether a loving god would be capable of sending someone to hell, although a FAIR judge wpuld have to send bad people to hell
48
Q

what quote might an exclusivist use to say that only christians will go heaven?

A

“i am the way and the truth and the life. no one comes to the father except through me”

49
Q

what do exclusive christians believe about who goes to heaven? and what are the problems with this?

A

believe that ONLY those who are christian and follow jesus’ teachings will go to heaven

problems:
- often seen as intolerant and discriminatory
- wouldn’t it be cruel of god not to send the majority of the population to heaven?
- how could a loving god allow anyone to go hell?

50
Q

what do inclusive christians believe about who goes to heaven? and what are the problems with this?

A

believe that you should only go to heaven if you follow jesus but some members of other relgions may be able to go to heaven
- god saved people before christianity existed. god will save those who have lived right lives as if the god they’ve followed is the right one
- when religious people die they will realise jesus was teaching the right way and convert after death

problems:
- goes against what jesus said in the bible - “whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.”

51
Q

what do pluralist christians believe about who goes to heaven? and what are the problems with this?

A

religious pluralism - accepting all religions as equally valid and being able to coexist

problems:
- goes against the bible so is not always considered as truly christian
- most pther religios would reject pluralism

52
Q

what did john hick say about pluralism?

A
  • faithful followers of all religions will be saved and go to heaven.
  • all religious experiences come from god but different cultures follow it in different ways
  • mountain paths: all religions are looking for the same god but their religious experiences ‘routes’ are ‘mapped out’ through cultural and family experiences of life
53
Q

what is sin? and what are some examples if this?

A

any action that separates humans from god eg. murder, assault, adultery

54
Q

what is original sin? where did the idea originate from?

A

the built-in tendency to do wrong and disobey god god
- catholics believe that all people are born with this
- it was brought about when adam and eve disobeyed god and ate the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil - > the original sin
- the result of this was separation from god and the introduction of death into the world

55
Q

what is salvation?

A

to be saved from sin and its consequences, and to be granted eternal life with god
- repairs the damage caused by sin, which has separated people from god

56
Q

what are the christians beliefs about sin?

A
  • all people commit sins and catholics believe that humans are born with original sin
57
Q

what are the two ways in which christians believe they can gain salvation?

A
  • through doing good work - OT says that salvation comes through faith in god and obeying god’s law
  • through grace - salvation is given freely by god through faith in jesus. it isnt deserved or earned but a free gift of god’s love
    • christians believe it is the holy spirit who gives grace and continues to guide them in their daily lives to help them achieve salvation
58
Q

why do some disagree that salvation can come though good work?

A

parable of the prodigal son -> allegory for god’s loving and forging nature even though one might not deserve it

59
Q

what is the role of jesus in salvation?

A
  • jesus’ crucifixion made up for the original sin of adam and eve
  • jesus’ death was essential to restore the relationship between god and his followers to bring them salvation
  • through this, god accepted jesus’ sacrifice on the behla fof humankind and humans can now receive forgiveness for their sins
60
Q

quotes about salvation

A

“in the same way. faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action. is dead” - salvation through works
“for it is by grace you have been saved” - salvation through god’s grace
“for wages of sin is death but the gift of god is eternal life in christ jesus our lord” - god’s role in salvation

61
Q

what is atonement?

A

it removes the effect of sin and allows people to restore their relationship with god
- eg. through jesus’ sacrifice. he took all of humanity’s sins and paid the debt for them all -> atones for the sins of humanity
- that sacrifice made it possib;e for humans to ask for forgiveness

62
Q

quote about atonement:

A

“if anybody does sin, we have an advocate with the father …. he is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but for the sins of the whole world”

63
Q

how did jesus show that he was divine?

A
  • virgin birth - an angel appeared to mary and explaine that this was no ordinary child
  • ‘the word became flesh and made his dwelling among us’
  • miracles - eg. feeding of the 5000
  • resurrection
  • associated with the messiah
  • at his baptism, a voice from heaven said ‘you are my son’

rpe (8 decks)

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