Religion and Securitization

Question 1

In the context of religion and securitization, some religious actors argue that simply being ________ or ________ is not enough to respond to perceived security threats.

Answer 1

Traditional, conservative

Question 2

Resistance to the perceived marginalization of religion often emerges through ________ and activism.

Answer 2

Politics

Question 3

In modern Europe, a resurgence of far-right political movements has been accompanied by religious discourse due to a perceived threat to ________ and irreligious Europeans.

Answer 3

Christianity

Question 4

Hungary has used religious nationalist appeals, while the Netherlands has focused on assertive ________ in its political discourse.

Answer 4

Secularization

Question 5

According to Casanova (2009), secularism as a statecraft doctrine includes the containment of religion within its own sphere, separation of religion and state, and state ________ of religion.

Answer 5

Regulation

Question 6

Political secularism can maintain ________, neutral, or hostile relations with religion, but may become hostile if secularists claim absolute power.

Answer 6

Friendly

Question 7

Assertive secularism, often associated with far-right politics, excludes religion from the ________ sphere and confines it to the private domain.

Answer 7

Public

Question 8

In the Netherlands, religious voters historically supported ________ parties, but as secularism progressed, new political parties emerged.

Answer 8

Confessional

Question 9

Gert Wilders, leader of the Party for Freedom (PVV), is an atheist but positions Christianity as a ________ identifier against Islam.

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

Viktor Orban has promoted Catholic nationalism in Hungary, linking Christianity with ________ ideals.

Answer 10

Nativist

Question 11

The 2011 Fundamental Law passed in Hungary described the nation as being defined in part by ________ values.

Answer 11

Christian

Question 12

Orban’s policies are often described as ________ nationalist, with anti-immigration and anti-Islam stances.

Answer 12

Christian

Question 13

Secularism can be beneficial to ________ democracies, but when applied assertively, it can serve as a tool for far-right exclusionary politics.

Answer 13

Liberal

Question 14

The blurring of lines between church and ________ is a key issue in modern political discourse regarding religion and nationalism.

Answer 14

State