Human Rights and Governance Flashcards
The concept of human rights evolved slowly, beginning with the ________ in 1215.
Magna Carta
The first major human rights document to focus on the defense of citizens’ interests as free individuals and producers was the ________.
U.S. Bill of Rights (1791)
The term “first-generation rights” refers to ________ rights, such as civil and political rights, intended to protect individuals from government interference.
Negative
The ______________ focuses on economic, social, and cultural rights, such as the right to education and healthcare.
second generation of human rights
The third generation of human rights emphasizes ________ rights, such as the right to self-determination and environmental protection.
Collective
The ________ Revolution’s 1918 constitution focused on workers’ rights and the struggle against exploitation by the capitalist class, rejecting bourgeois human rights.
Russian
The main struggle in human rights discourse is between _______________ (such as freedom of speech) and ________________ (such as the right to work and housing).
individual freedoms and Socio-economic well-being
The UDHR was motivated by the atrocities of the ________ era, specifically addressing violations such as anti-Semitism.
Nazi
The UDHR was drafted by the UN’s Commission on Human Rights, chaired by ________.
Eleanor Roosevelt
The first generation of human rights recognized in the UDHR focuses on civil and political rights such as the right to life, liberty, and ________ from torture.
Protection
The second generation of human rights, emphasized in the International Covenants of 1976, elaborates on the social and ________ rights mentioned in the UDHR.
Economic
The third generation of human rights includes the right of peoples to ________ and maintain their culture, as seen in the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007).
Self-determination
The UDHR emphasizes that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and ________, including the freedom to change one’s religion.
Religion
The “Asian values” debate in the 1990s challenged the idea that Western human rights concepts, such as individualism, are ________ to all cultures.
Universal
According to the “Asian values” debate, Western individualism leads to problems such as crime, corruption, and ________ in society.
Immorality
The central argument of the “Asian values” debate is whether civil and political liberties promote ________ relationships within society, as opposed to communitarianism and social harmony.
Adversarial
The debate argues that civil and political rights are a ________ only rich, developed states can afford, while developing states must focus on economic development.
Luxury
The principle of ________ holds that human rights should be shaped by the particular context of each nation, reflecting its cultural values.
Cultural relativism
Cultural relativism suggests that human beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of their own ________.
Culture
In cultural relativism, judgments about right and wrong are considered to be products of ________ and are subject to cultural perspectives.
Society
The coalition of Islamic countries and the Holy See in the 1990s opposed placing ________ health, reproduction, and sexuality within the human rights framework.
Women’s
The UDHR faces objections related to changing one’s ________, particularly from Islamic and Catholic countries, due to theological and colonial concerns.
Religion
The ________ Declaration on Human Rights emphasizes human rights as inseparable from God’s claim on human beings and the earth.
Christian
The Christian Declaration on Human Rights limits secular liberalism by fostering a universal community in ________.
Diversity
