Irish History & The Troubles Flashcards
Who were the English settlers in Ireland during the early 1600s, and what were they known as?
They were known as Planters.
What led to conflict in Northern Ireland during the early 1600s?
Increased immigration of Protestants.
Name the two major religious conflicts in Ireland during the 17th century.
A: The Irish Confederate Wars (1641–1653) and the Williamite War (1689–1691).
What was the goal of the 1916 Easter Rising?
To establish an independent Irish Republic.
Who organized the Easter Rising?
The Military Council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood
What was the British response to the Easter Rising?
16 leaders were executed, 3,500 people were arrested, and 1,800 were interned in Britain.
What did the Government of Ireland Act (1920) do?
It divided Ireland into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland.
What was the IRA’s role following the Government of Ireland Act?
They launched a guerilla war for national independence.
What did the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) establish?
The Irish Free State with dominion status within the British Empire.
Why did Northern Ireland remain outside the Irish Free State?
It was given the option to opt out and chose to remain part of the UK.
What event led to the Irish Civil War?
The split in the IRA over the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
What political party was closely associated with the IRA and opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty?
Sinn Féin.
What was “The Troubles”?
A conflict in Northern Ireland from the 1960s to 1998 between Unionists/Loyalists and Nationalists/Republicans.
What sparked “The Troubles” in 1968?
Civil rights protests and grievances of the Catholic population in Northern Ireland.
Who was Ian Paisley, and what role did he play?
A Protestant leader who incited fears of Catholic and Nationalist movements
What was “Bloody Sunday” (1972)?
British troops killed 13 unarmed Catholic demonstrators in Derry.
What was the outcome of the 2010 Saville Report on Bloody Sunday?
It found that British troops fired unjustifiably, and PM David Cameron issued an apology.
What was the Provisional IRA’s (PIRA) goal?
To use armed force to unify Ireland.
What was the impact of Bloody Friday (1972)?
The Provisional IRA detonated over 20 bombs in Belfast, killing 9 people.
What agreement ended The Troubles?
The Good Friday Agreement (1998).
What were key elements of the Good Friday Agreement?
Paramilitary disarmament, police reform, and the restoration of self-government to Northern Ireland.
