Religion And Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Cosmological theory? -how the universe began.

A

The most popular one of these is the Big Bang Theory. The universe began in an explosion which eventually formed stars, planets and everything else. Universe is still expanding.

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2
Q

What is the Evolutionary theory? - how living things changed.

A

Charles Darwin argued that life on Earth originated from simple cells. Life evolved over millions of years into a huge variety of forms and those best footed survived. People evolved from Apes, not Adam and Eve.

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3
Q

What are the 2 scientific arguments?

A
  • cosmological
  • evolutionary

Some religious people believe God triggered the Big Bang and this caused humans.

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4
Q

How do Christians believe the Earth and universe came into existence?

A
  • Genesis chapter 1 says God created everything over 6 days. One the 7 day he rested. Then it described how God created people in his image.
  • no proof. Some Christians view the story as literal while others view it as symbolic/metaphoric.
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5
Q

Quotes about the Christian idea of creation?

A

“God created man kind in his own image”
“Let there be light”
“Collaboration between religion and science is mutually beneficial…” Church of England, 2010

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6
Q

What is the Islamic idea about the creation

A

1) ”It is Allah who created the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them in six days.”
2) then Allah “began the creation of man from clay” breathed life and soul into the first man Adam.

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7
Q

Why do religious people care about the destruction of the environment?

A

The world is Gods creation. They feel that he reveals himself constantly through experiences e.g a beautiful sunset (etc). Revelations.

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8
Q

How has global warming, caused by humans destroying our environment?

A

-Green house gases keep the Earth warm. The increases in these gases are causing the earth to warm too much, killing animals and rising sea levels. Caused by burning of fossil fuels.

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9
Q

How are natural resources, used by humans destroying our environment?

A
  • this is anything found naturally that’s useful to humans.
  • Earths population increasing and people use more raw materials and more energy every year. If people carry on they will eventually run out.
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10
Q

How has pollution, caused by humans destroying our environment?

A

Sewage and chemicals pollute lakes, rivers and seas. This harms the plants and animals that live there.
They also bury nuclear waste underground and and dump household and industrial waste in landfill sites.
This kills organisms and causes cancer in humans. Alsodamages the ozone layer.

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11
Q

What ways are their to tackle environmental problems?

A

They help the environment for future generations, they believe it is their duty to. God gave them the Earth but expected humans to look after it.
People recycle, use public transport and and walk to reduce pollution. Some campaign to ensure people and better informed while another’s look for sustainable alternatives.

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12
Q

What is stewardship?

A

God gave humans the Earth but expected them to care for it.

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13
Q

Quotes about stewardship?

A

“humanity’s dominion cannot be understood as licence to abuse, spoil, squander or destroy what God made…” Christian declaration of nature 1986
“The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.” Genesis

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14
Q

What Christian organisations work to reduce harm to the environment?

A

CAFOD
Christian Aid
Tearfund

They put pressure on governments and industry to think more about how people are abusing the environment.

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15
Q

Why do some Christians believe they don’t need to look after the environment?

A

In the Genesis God says “rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals…” This is known as dominion.

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16
Q

What does Khalifah mean?

A

Trustees of the Earth. They should take responsibility for the Earth and make it the place Allah would want it to be. They have an obligation to protect the environment.

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17
Q

Why do Muslims feel the need to look after the Earth?

A

The Earth is seen as the product of the love of Allah so Muslims treat it with love. They believe they have been appointed Khalifah.

Considered a charitable deed.
“Regraded as a charitable gift for him.”

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18
Q

What are some of the key issues regarding animals.

A

-animal experimentation and vegetarianism

19
Q

What is animal experimentation?

A

Animals are sometimes used to test products used by humans or for medical experiments. Some people see this as cruel. Others look at the issue in a utilitarian.

20
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A

The idea that decisions should be made based on what has the best balance of good and bad outcomes. Can be used to argue that animal testing is acceptable if it could help people.

21
Q

Christian quotes about stewardship?

A

“The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.” Genesis

“Humanity’s dominion cannot be understood as licence abuse, soil, squander or destroy what God had made.”

22
Q

What do Christians believe about animals and the way they are treated?

A

Some argue dominion give humans right to do what they want with animals. Others believe in stewardship. Christianity teaches animals should be treated with kindness. “The righteous cafe for the needs of their animals.”

23
Q

2 different views of Christian views on animal testing?

A

Catholic Church tolerates animal testing, but only if it benefits mankind. Describes as “morally acceptable if it remains within reasonable limits and contributes to caring for or saving human lives.”

Some think it is always wrong to cause suffering to animals to increase our scientific knowledge. Society of friends are against ill treatment of animals.

24
Q

What does Islam teach about animals?

A

Animals should never be mistreated. Khalifah means Muslims look after animals. Animals are part of Allahs creation. “It is Allah who made for you the grazing animals…you eat. Qur’an.
Cruelty of animals is forbidden. Belief in showing compassion for all creatures. Animals must be slaughtered humanely for the meat to be halal. Only allow for genuine medical advanced. No unnecessary pain.

25
Q

What is abortion?

A

This is when a foetus is removed prematurely from the womb before it can survive on its own. It’s legal in England, Scotland and Wales

26
Q

What is Euthanasia?

A

Killing someone to relieve their suffering, often from an incurable illness or physical state. Active euthanasia is when a patient requests help to die, often using drugs. It is illegal in the UK but legal in some countries e.g Belgium.

27
Q

What is the scanty of life argument?

A

All life is created by God. As Gods creation, all life belongs to Hod and is therefore holy. Based on this many religious people they don’t have the right to interfere when a life ends or prevent a new life being born.

28
Q

How do some Christians view abortion?

A

Christian teaches that abortion is undesirable as God “created mankind in his own image” Genesis.
Roman Catholic Church says that abortion is murder as it teaches that human life starts as soon as the egg is fertilised at conception. Said to be “absolutely excluded as lawful”.

29
Q

Why do some Christians believe abortion may be acceptable in come circumstances?

A

Church gives permission in certain circles such as if the mother’s health is at risk. Society of Friends argues that the life of the unborn baby cannot be put above that of the mothers.

30
Q

What are the different Christian beliefs about Euthanasia?

A

Roman catholic’s strongly oppose it. They believe that anything that intentionally cause death is wrong.
Some Christians view euthanasia as going against the commandments, “You shall not murder” God decides when a person life ends.
“An act of of omission which…causes death in order to eliminate suffering constitutes a murder.”

31
Q

What to Christians do instead of euthanasia?

A

Feel they must care for the sick people, euthanasia goes against this. Local churches often have links with hospices. This is a place we’re terminally ill people can be well cared for.

32
Q

Why do some Christians support euthanasia?

A

Life support machines which are keeping someone alone artificially is not always the best approach. Easing suffering through passive euthanasia is better = Christian compassion.
Anglican Christians take into account a persons quality of life. If they are in distress they should not suffer.
“…anyone who saves a life is as if he saved an entire world.” Judaism

33
Q

Under what circumstances does Islam allow abortion?

A

They believe lives are sacred. “Whoever kills a soul…it is as if he had slain mankind entirely” = abortion is wrong unless it puts the mothers life in danger. Potential life is not as important and actual life.

Some Muslim women argue that they should be free to choose what happens to their bodies.

34
Q

What is ensoulment?

A

When the foetus gets its soul. Islam this teaches this happens after 120 days. When ‘the souls is breathed into his body’ abortion is allowed before this time if baby will be born with defect or mothers I’ll it can be killed.

35
Q

Quote showing abortion in unlawful in Islam:

A

“And do not kill your children…we provide for them and for you. Indeed their killing is ever a great sin.” Qur’an

36
Q

Why are Muslims usually against euthanasia?

A

Wrong because they believe their lives are Allah’s. He has a plan for every living person humans do not have right to interfere with the plan.
Life on Earth is a test. People suffer but they so not have the right to end their own lives, not matter how bad.

37
Q

Islamic quotes about why euthanasia is bad:

A

“O you who have beloved, seek help through patience and prayer.”

38
Q

Non religious views about abortion:

A

-support abortion as it gives women control over what happens to their bodies. They priorities equality of life over sustaining life and look at impact on women first.

39
Q

Non religious views about euthanasia:

A

-some support it when a person will die from an illness or suffering greatly. Some believe it is the kindest thing to do.

-some fear that legalising euthanasia would potentially lead to people feeling pressured into it. Doctors should only work to protect lives.
ETHICAL SITUATION.

40
Q

Christian teachings on the afterlife:

A

People go to heaven or hell depending on how God judges their actions. Catholic’s also believe in purgatory.

“And God raised us up with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus…For it is by grace you have been saved.

41
Q

Muslim teachings on afterlife:

A

Afterlife means going to jannah (paradise) or janham (hell). After a person ides their soul goes to barzakh to await judgement. On the day of judgement everyone’s actions will be judged.
“…will assemble you for the day of resurrection…” Qur’an

42
Q

What do atheists and non-believers believe about the after life?

A
  • they believe you cease to exist
  • they argue there is no concrete evidence that there is life after death.
  • they might say believing in the afterlife is just a way of helping people deal with death.
  • they suggest belief of afterlife is used by religions to put pressure on people to follow their teachings and live their lives a certain way.
43
Q

Quotes that show what Christians believe about resurrection and the afterlifem

A

“He was put to death in the body but made alive in the spirit.”