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Religion Year 12 > Religion and Belief Systems in Australia Post 1945 > Flashcards

Religion and Belief Systems in Australia Post 1945 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is aboriginal dreaming?

A

The spiritual aspect of Aboriginal religion that encapsulates both the spiritual and physical dimensions, giving meaning to all aspect of life.

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2
Q

What is kinship?

A

A sense of belonging and responsibility between blood relatives.

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3
Q

What are totems?

A

They have a connection to ancestral beings through a metaphysical connection of dreaming kinship.

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4
Q

What is ceremonial life?

A

Important link between Aboriginal people, the land and identity.

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5
Q

What is interconnectedness?

A

Ceremonies that represent the present, passing on, maintaining beliefs and practices.

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6
Q

What are obligations to the land and people?

A

Aboriginal spirituality that is inextricably connected to the land.

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7
Q

What are balanced rites?

A

Rituals on the land that are connected to sacred sites where Dreaming occurs.

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8
Q

what is kanyini?

A

The spirit and being connected to things.

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9
Q

What does kanyini involve?

A

The land, dancing, ceremonies, hunting and raising children.

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10
Q

What is the metaphysical connection of dreaming kinship?

A

It is determined by totems of the ancestral beings.

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11
Q

Name 2 examples of ceremonies:

A
  1. Smoking ceremony

2. Initiation

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12
Q

Name 2 examples of ceremonial rites:

A
  1. Personal connection

2. Spiritual connection

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13
Q

SEPARATION FROM THE LAND

What did the loss of land lead too?

A

Leads to the burden of not being able to fulfil ritual responsibilities.
E.g. not being able to partake in smoking ceremonies as they cannot take place without the land.

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14
Q

SEPARATION FROM THE LAND

What happened in 1788?

A

Establishment of Terra Nullius saw no recognition of Aboriginal land ownership and marked the beginnings of systematic removal of tribes from their Dreaming stories

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15
Q

SEPARATION FROM THE LAND

What happened in 1820-1850?

A

Governments and churches established missions and reserves. This resulted in a rapid loss of culture due to objection of Aboriginal spirituality.

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16
Q

What did the separation of kinship groups do?

A

Destroyed kinship and identity of Aboriginal people and thousands of years of tradition and culture.

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17
Q

SEPARATION FROM KINSHIP GROUPS

What happened in 1838?

A

Policy of protection saw dispossession of Aboriginal people on mass, forcibly placing them on missions and reserves.

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18
Q

SEPARATION FROM KINSHIP GROUPS

What happened in 1901?

A

Policy of Assimilation saw further pressure to remove Aboriginal people from full blood, destroying kinship ties.

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19
Q

What is the stolen generation?

A

The children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian federal and state government agencies and church missions

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20
Q

THE STOLEN GENERATION

What happened in the late 1800’s-1970’s?

A

Forced separation of Indigenous children from their families was government policy.
E.g. bring them home report resulted in apologies such as National sorry day later on.

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21
Q

Data from AUS Bureau of Statistics:

A

Aboriginal life expectancy is 20 years below Australian average.

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22
Q

What is the land rights movement?

A

A religious political movement that seeks to secure the inherent rights of Aboriginal people to their land.

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23
Q

What is the Native Title?

A

Term given by the High Court under the Indigenous Property Rights, handed down from the Mabo decision of 1992.

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24
Q

What did the High Court do?

A

The High Court ruled that native title exists where Indigenous people have maintained continuous traditional connection with the land.

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25
Q

NATIVE TITLE + MABO CASE

What happened in 1933?

A

Parliament passed the Native Title Act

26
Q

What is the Wik case?

A

The continuation of the fight for Native Title

27
Q

WIK CASE

What happened in 1996?

A

High court allowed for Native Title to co-exist with Pastoral leases, however the Pastoralist’s rights would prevail.

28
Q

WIK CASE

What happened in 1998?

A

Native Title Amendment Act eliminated the Right of Native Title claimants to negotiate with the government for land owned by government.

29
Q

Analyse the importance of the dreaming for the land rights movement

A

Without the land, The Dreaming cannot be communicated because the stories of the ancestor spirits spring from the land.

30
Q

What is a census?

A

Profiles the Australian population demographically.

These numbers show how religion is changing in Australia.

31
Q

Which religious affiliations are increasing in the 2011 - 2016 census?

A

Islam
Hinduism
Sikhism
Non-Religions

32
Q

Which religious affiliations are decreasing in the 2011 - 2016 census?

A

Judaism
Buddhism
Christianity > Catholicism > Anglicanism

33
Q

THE CURRENT RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE

What is Christianity as the major religious tradition?

A

Changes in the Christian denomination have occurred due to diverse migration patterns.

34
Q

Where did most of immigration come from?

A

Most of immigration to Australia came from Britain in 1945.

35
Q

What is denominational switching?

A

When people move from one denomination of Christianity to another

36
Q

What is the rise of new age religions?

A

Range of alternate spiritualities aiming to foster personal happiness, health and meaning in life.

37
Q

What is secularism?

A

The principle that sees that religion should not interfere with the public affairs of society.

38
Q

What is Ecumenism?

A

The movement for dialogue and mutual understanding between Christian Churches.

39
Q

When was The National Council of Churches Australia founded?

A

1994, consisting of 19 churches (Anglican, Catholic + Uniting).

40
Q

What does NATSIEC (Program of The National council of churches Australia) do?

A

It helps churches understand implications of their past actions & supports Aboriginal rights.

41
Q

When was the NSW Ecumenical council established?

A

1982, with 16 member churches.

42
Q

What does the House of Welcome (program within the NSW Ecumenical council) do?

A

Provides support for asylum seekers without work rights or social security.

43
Q

What is interfaith dialogue?

A

Communication between different religious traditions.

44
Q

What is reconciliation?

A

A long / difficult process requiring the recognition of past wrongdoings involved in destruction of Aboriginal spiritualities.

45
Q

What percentages were Hinduism in the 2011 and 2016 census?

A
  1. 3% = 2011

1. 9% = 2016

46
Q

What percentages were Christianity in the 2011 and 2016 census?

A 
61.1% = 2011
52% = 2016
47
Q

What percentages were Non-religion in the 2011 and 2016 census?

A
  1. 3% = 2011

30. 1% = 2016

48
Q

What happened in 1945?

A

After WWII, assisted migration from Britain brought Christianity into the country
This Affected and changed Christian denominations,

49
Q

What happened in 1973?

A

‘White Australia’ Policy was abandoned and was replaced by a policy of ‘Multiculturalism’

50
Q

What happened post 1975?

A

Spike in Muslim population

51
Q

What is denominational switching?

A

When people move from one denomination of Christianity to another. E.g., Catholic to Orthodox.

52
Q

What is an example of denominational switching?

A

National Church Survey: show that Pentecostals: studies show that young people are committed more to a congregation, rather than denominations

53
Q

What is the rise of new age religions?

A

Range of alternate spiritualities aiming to foster personal happiness, health and meaning in life.

54
Q

What is an example of new age religions?

A

Mind, Body and Spirit festival

55
Q

What is secularism?

A

Promotes the idea that society is better off by not being controlled by religion due to increasing pluralism, individualism, materialism and scepticism

56
Q

What is ecumenism?

A

The movement for dialogue and mutual understanding between Christian Churches. E.g. Catholic, Anglican

57
Q

What is are 2 examples of ecumenism?

A

The National Council of Churches Australia:
NATSIEC (Program of council of churches) helps churches understand implications of their past actions & supports Aboriginal rights.

NSW Ecumenical Council:
House of Welcome (program within the council)  support for asylum seekers without work rights or social security.

58
Q

What is interfaith dialogue?

A

Communication between different religious traditions. (finding common ground by cooperation and communication)

59
Q

What are 2 examples of interfaith dialogue?

A

Australian Council of Christian and Jews:
Runs programs E.G. education for Christian teachers on how to deal with Anti-Semitism (hatred of Jewish people).

Columban Centre for Christian-Muslim Relations:
Aims to break down negative comments and stereotypes about Islam.

60
Q

What is the relationship between AB spiritualties and religious traditions in the process of reconciliation?

A

A long / difficult process requiring the recognition of past wrongdoings involved in destruction of Aboriginal spiritualities.

61
Q

What was Christianity’s response to the AB spiritualities and process of reconciliation?

A

(NATSIEC) National Aboriginal and Torre Strait Islander Ecumenical Commission: The initiative promotes Indigenous rights and contribute to the Reconciliation movement through programs designed to empower Indigenous women.

62
Q

What was religious traditions response to the AB spiritualities and process of reconciliation?

A

Executive Council of the Australian Jewry (Jewish Organisation):
2000: Lobbied the Australian Government to implement the recommendations put forward by the ‘Bringing Them Home Report’.

Religion Year 12 (11 decks)

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