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Religion Year 12 > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the Hajj:

A
  • The last of the five pillars of Islam.
  • A week long pilgrimage to Mecca (largest pilgrimage in the world, 3 million+)
  • Every Muslim adherent must perform the Hajj, at least once in their lifetime.
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2
Q

What are the 3 purpose’s of the Hajj?

A
  1. Submitting to Allah
  2. Unifying the community (Umma)
  3. Cleansing oneself
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3
Q

Describe Ihram:

A
  • When a Pilgrim arrives in the holy city of Mecca, they all start by bathing and performing cleansing rituals.
  • They all dress in seamless white robes that are kept on for the whole pilgrimage.
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4
Q

What are the beliefs of Ihram?

A

*Tawid: Belief in the oneness of God.

-Clothing: Ihram clothing is worn by everyone, regardless of sunni/shia divides, race, wealth or status.
So they are all considered alike when they do the Hajj
-Wearing the Ihram garment symbolises the equality of the Islamic community (Umma).

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5
Q

What is the importance of Ihram to the individual and community?

A

-Individual: Being in the state of Ihram is a cleansing process that occurs on the Hajj.
> leads to purification and redemption of sins.

-Community: Unites them in a state of total equality under Allah.

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6
Q

Describe Tawaf:

A

*The circling of the Kaaba (massive stone).
> Walk around 7 times.
> Kiss/ touch the stone if possible. (often not due to crowds) Thus, is fine to point or hold hand up to stone.
-Believed to be built by Abraham

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7
Q

What are the beliefs of Tawaf?

A

Fate and predestination
-When someone enters the circling, it symbolises them entering a man-made cosmic orbit, they surrender to the fate Allah has laid out for them.

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8
Q

Beliefs of Tawaf quote:

A

“The sun and the moon, each in an orbit floating”- Sura

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9
Q

What is the importance of Tawaf to the individual and community?

A

-Individual: Circular movement reinforces that Allah is the central power in life.

-Community: They are all performing the same action.
> Individual becomes part of collective.

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10
Q

Describe Wuquf:

A
  • The prayers at Arafat.

- Adherents spend an entire day on mount Arafat, hoping to be redeemed of their sins.

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11
Q

What are the beliefs of Wuquf?

A
  • Rusul: Belief in the Prophets.

- The prays at Arafat is a crucial part of Muhammad’s pilgrimage.

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12
Q

Beliefs quote in Wuquf?

A

“If Arafat is missed, then the whole Hajj is missed” – Muhammad

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13
Q

What is the importance of Wuquf to the individual and community?

A
  • Individual: Individual focus on each person’s prayer.
  • Community: Prays at Arafat have such intense concentration of spiritual devotion, as there is an enormous communal power of prayer in the one spot.
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14
Q

Describe Jamarat:

A

*The rite of stoning.
>Where an adherent throws a stone at pillars 3 times in Mina.
>Symbolic of expelling their sins.

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15
Q

What are the beliefs of Jamarat?

A
  • Tawid: Belief in the oneness of God.

- Adherents are attempting to rid themselves of external pressures and solely focus on Allah.

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16
Q

What is the importance of Jamarat to the individual and community?

A

-Community: By performing Jamarat, each individual can target their own troubles and sins.
> Thus becoming more dedicated to Allah.

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17
Q

Describe Kaaba:

A

-When a pilgrim has circled the Kaaba 7 times they have completed the Hajj.
Gain the title of:
Hajji = man
Hajjah = woman

18
Q

What are the beliefs of Kaaba?

A
  • Akhira: Belief in the afterlife

- The Hajj is compulsory and a pillar of faith that they must undertake once to reach Akhira.

19
Q

Beliefs quote in Kaaba?

A

“Pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto God for mankind” – Sura

20
Q

What is the importance of Kaaba to the individual and community?

A

-Individual and community: They are all completing the Hajj, therefore they are all individually and collectively once step closer to reaching Akhira.

21
Q

Define the teaching Tawid:

A

The oneness of Allah

> Respectful (attitude) towards the environment.

22
Q

Define the teaching Ayat:

A

Signs that are all proof of God’s creation.

23
Q

Define the teaching Akhira:

A

Accountability that our actions determine your afterlife.

24
Q

Define the teaching Khalifa:

A

People that carry out (action) the stewardship of the earth.

25
Q

What are the two sources of Islam?

A
  • The Qur’an

- The Sunna

26
Q

What is the Qur’an?

A

*Qur’an: Seen to be direct words of Allah.

> Always the first sacred text used when making ethical decisions.

27
Q

What is the Sunna?

A

*Sunna: Words / actions of the Prophet Muhammad.

> Contains instructions of how to be a good Muslim.

28
Q

Define institutions and organisations?

A

Up to date advice from Islamic scholars.

29
Q

What is an example of institutions and organisations?

A

Khalifa (stewardship): Islamic declaration of Global Climate Change, August 2015, over 20 countries
> Massive or engaging in the care for the environment
> Covers issues such as fossil fuels and recycling
- They look at the sacred texts and interpret them in today’s society to give advice to adherents on how to be environmentally conscious.

30
Q

What are 2 issues in Islam?

A
  • Climate change

- The treatment of animals

31
Q

Describe climate change:

A
  • Respect for God’s creation and stewardship of the earth
    > Being sustainable with the earth and its provisions
  • If climate change is slowly destroying the earth, it ultimately means that adherents aren’t caring for the earth properly
32
Q

What is an example of climate change?

A

Muslim Seven Year Action Plan on Climate Change

  • Run between 2010-2017
  • Action plan: Turning Muslim cities into ‘green’ & make pilgrimages sustainable
  • Individual can help by: riding a bike to work instead of driving and using fuel
33
Q

Describe treatment of animals:

A

Tawid: Respect for God’s creation, to unite in oneness with him.
> Done by treating animals respectfully.

Khalifa (stewardship): As caretakers of the earth, humans have a direct responsibility to preserve animal species and their environment is safe to live in.

34
Q

What are the positives and negatives of treatment of animals?

A
  • Animal testing for medical purpose can be justified, as it helps to save humans lives.
  • Animal testing in the beauty industry cannot as it is only focused on making profit.
  • Qur’an and Sunna both outline that animals can be there to benefit humans.
  • Killing animals for food is okay, because it provides nutrients
  • Killing animals for fun, hunting, shows disrespect.
35
Q

Give background information on A’isha Bint AbuBakar:

A
  • Born somewhere around 607CE in Mecca to a Muslim family.
  • Daughter of Abu Bakar, who was the first rightly guided caliph.
  • Married the Prophet Muhammad when she was 7 years old, was one of his 11 wives.
  • Very dedicated Muslim: performed all of the 5 pillars of faith and memorised the entire Qur’an.
36
Q

Contribution: Education and interpretation of the sacred texts

A
  • She spent a lot of time discussing the Qur’an with the prophet.
  • Prophet Muhammad gave her valuable insight and wisdom.
  • She was able to spread her knowledge in writing.
37
Q

Impact of Education and interpretation of the sacred texts:

Hadiths and direct education

A
  • Aisha kept the faith alive, Islam became stronger.
    > This was because of her Hadiths and direct education
    > Able to take this one step further with intimate knowledge about the Prophet Muhammad. E.g. prayers he said, what he ate, not just religious discussions.
38
Q

Contribution: Traditions and laws: ‘affair of slander’

A
  • She got on the back of a camel with another man, which caused controversy as people thought she had committed adultery.
39
Q

Impact of Traditions and laws: ‘affair of slander’:

Respect for women

A
  • As she was an amazing scholar, she was able to ^ respect for women and also to bring men to the realisation that women could be educated too.
  • Was able to make women realise they were capable of being educated despite what they had been previously told.
40
Q

Contribution: Spread of the word Muhammad

A
  • After Muhammad’s death in 632, she was one of the main people that kept his word alive.
    > She did this through being the source of over 2000 Hadiths.
41
Q

Impact of Spread of the word Muhammad:

The direction of Islam after the Prophets Death:

A

People like Aisha carried the message of Muhammad of Islam

> Hence, Islam thrived and became a stronger and more connected religion to adherent’s increased faith

Religion Year 12 (11 decks)

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