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AG 1270 > Religion > Flashcards

Religion Flashcards

1
Q

What is a votive offering?

A

A “vowed” offering. It’s a gift offered to the gods in hopes of receiving something in return.

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2
Q

What are features of a sacred space?

A
  1. The temenos is the boundary between profane and sacred space
  2. Storage houses were built to hold votive offerings
  3. A naos (temple) would be located in the center
  4. Cella (center of temple) would hold the statue of the god(ess)
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3
Q

What is a libation?

A

A libation is the act of pouring out wine, honey, and milk onto the ground as an offering to the gods of the earth.

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4
Q

What are examples of polluting acts within a sacred space?

A
  1. Childbirth
  2. Die
  3. Sex
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5
Q

What is the border between sacred and profane space called?

A

TEMENOS

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6
Q

Who are the 14 principal gods?

A
  1. Zeus - ruler, protector and father
  2. Poseidon - sea
  3. Hades - underworld
  4. Hera - women, marriage, childbirth
  5. Demeter - harvest
  6. Hestia - hearth
  7. Aphrodite - sexual love, beauty
  8. Athena - wisdom
  9. Artemis - hunt
  10. Apollo - healing
  11. Ares - war
  12. Hephaestus - forge
  13. Hermes - trade, wealth, luck
  14. Dionysus - wine, pleasure
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7
Q

What is a patron god?

A

A particular Goddess or God adopted by a person or group. The followers honor and worship that deity who, in turn, acts as a guardian and protector, often giving advantages to the followers.

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8
Q

What are some examples of patron gods?

A

Athens - Athena
Sparta - Apollo
Thebes - Dionysus
Corinth - Poseidon

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9
Q

Responsibilities of a priest(ess).

A
  1. In charge of upkeep of temples
  2. Involved in ensuring process of rituals ran smoothly
  3. In charge of performing libations, animal sacrifices, offerings and prayers
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10
Q

To be Greek was to be

A

Religious

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11
Q

Festivals have 3 stages, what are they?

A
  1. Procession
  2. Sacrifice
  3. Feast
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12
Q

What are two examples of initiation festivals within Athens?

A
  1. Apatouria - An annual festival for the transition of boy to man
  2. Arketeia - A festival that happens every four years, the transition of girl to woman
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13
Q

What is the Panathenaia festival?

A

A festival in Athens in honor of Athena, the patron god of Athens.

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14
Q

Describe some features of the Thesmophoria.

A
  1. This festival was very secretive and specifically for women married to citizens.
  2. Lasted three days
  3. Dedicated to Demeter (and Persephone)
  4. Took place in sanctuaries within and outside of the urban centre
  5. Would take place in autumn (the time to sow seeds)
  6. Two noble women (likely priestesses) were in charge of the festival
  7. Involved a ritual of throwing dead pigs into a hole, a woman would go into hole and retrieve pig guts, once back at surface would mix guts with seeds as an offering
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15
Q

What was the purpose of the Thesmophoria?

A

The women would pray for fertility for their people and their crops.

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16
Q

What is the Anthesteria?

A

A festival where the dead are acknowledged. In honor of Dionysus where amphoras of wine are opened and tasted. While drinking the wine, citizens were expected to be stoic while drinking the wine as they believed the dead were all around them. They believed that if they drank wine and partied then it may evoke the wrath of the dead as they can no longer enjoy life’s pleasures.

17
Q

What makes a religion a “mystery” religion?

A

It becomes a mystery religion if joining it optional. It is not mandatory, and because it’s a choice, complete secrecy was expected. Those who divulged information would be punished.

18
Q

Describe the Eleusinian religion.

A

In honor of Demeter & Persephone in hopes of something good in the after life. Instead of Hades, Greeks chose to worship Demeter and Persephone because they are gods to have gone to the underworld and return to the overworld. Parallel to how people live in the overworld and travel to the underworld.

19
Q

What was the significance of Pythia the oracle?

A

Greeks believed that Apollo could speak through the Pythia. Many Greeks and Non-Greeks would seek advice and cleansing from pollution.

20
Q

Describe the significance of the Sanctuary of Asclepius.

A

Represented healing. Individuals would admit themselves and while sleeping, apollo would speak through their dreams and inform them of treatment or of their illness.

21
Q

What is veneration?

A

The act of honoring a hero (dead or alive) through offerings, religions, stories but different from worship.

21
Q

During the Hellenistic period, rulers began expecting what?

A

Rulers expected to be venerated, and worshipped like gods.

22
Q
A

AG 1270 (9 decks)

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