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Ethics 41 > Religion > Flashcards

Religion Flashcards

1
Q

Who founded Islam?

A

Mohammed

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2
Q

Where was Mohammed born?

A

Meca

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3
Q

Who raised Mohammed?

A

1) Grandfather till death

2) Uncle

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4
Q

How much older was Mohammed’s wife?

A

15 years older

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5
Q

How was Mohammed, Islam, and its followers initially received?

A

Criticism and persecution

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6
Q

Where did Mohammed flee to? For how long?

A

Medina, 10 years

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7
Q

What law guides Muslims?

A

Shar’ia

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8
Q

How is the Quran organized?

A

Length, NOT chronology

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9
Q

How many people in the world are Muslim?

A

24%, 1.8B followers

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10
Q

What does Islam mean in Arabic?

A

Submission, peace

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11
Q

What is Salat?

A

5-time daily ritual prayer

  • Fajr
  • Zuhr
  • ‘Asr
  • Maghrib
  • Isha
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12
Q

What is Zakat?

A

Generosity, 2.5% of wealth donated to poor

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13
Q

What two sects of Islam are there?

A

Sunnis (90%)

Shites

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14
Q

What is sufism? Prefix suf- meaning?

A

Mystical sect of Islam, wool

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15
Q

Names of Mohammed’s daughter and son in law?

A

Fatima, Ali

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16
Q

What does Fatima represent?

A

Islamic ideals of womanhood

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17
Q

What first word does a muslim father say to his son?

A

Allah

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18
Q

What is the worst thing a muslim can do?

A

Divorce

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19
Q

Who founded Buddhism?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

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20
Q

How many Buddhist followers are there?

A

10%, 535M

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21
Q

When was Buddhism founded?

A

Sixth century BCE

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22
Q

What is Buddhism’s ultimate goal?

A

Reincarnation, rebirth

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23
Q

How is Buddha described?

A

Enlightened one, one who has awakened

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24
Q

What is Nirvana?

A

State of liberation and freedom from suffering

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25
Q

At what age did Gautama give up his princely life?

A

29

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26
Q

How many years did Gautama spend spreading Buddhism?

A

45 years

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27
Q

What was done with Buddha’s remains?

A

Cremated, stored in a stuppa (bell shaped monument)

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28
Q

What are the 3 Buddhist trainings?

A

Sila, Samadhi, Prajna

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29
Q

Describe the Noble Truths?

A

4, explore human suffering

  • Dukkha
  • Samudaya
  • Nirodha
  • Magga
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30
Q

What are the 5 precepts?

A

Do not kill, steal, lie, misuse sex, or consume drugs/alc

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31
Q

What is meditation?

A

Acheiving a higher level of consciousness

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32
Q

When did Buddha reach enlightenment?

A

32

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33
Q

How are Buddha’s main teachings structured?

A

Tripitaka (3 baskets)

34
Q

2 types of Buddhism?

A

Theravada (way of elders)

Mahayana (large vehicle)

35
Q

Where do Buddhists worship?

A

Temple

36
Q

How many Christians are there in the world?

A

33%, 2B followers

37
Q

Describe the Apostles’ Creed?

A

Statement of belief talking about God, Jesus, Holy Spirit, and Church

38
Q

Who was the first couple on Earth? Who seduced them and created sin?

A

Adam and Eve, Satan

39
Q

What is afterlife known to for Christians?

A

Kingdom of Heaven

40
Q

What does Christianity focus on?

A

Teachings and life of Jesus

41
Q

How many North American Christian denominations are there?

A

1000+

42
Q

Who can go to Heaven?

A

Baptized

43
Q

When did Jesus rise from the dead?

A

3rd day after being burried

44
Q

How many Holy Sacraments are there?

A

7

45
Q

What is between Heaven and Hell?

A

Purgatory

46
Q

What are the roots of Hinduism?

A

Indus Valley civilization, Indo-Aryan culture

47
Q

When did Hinduism start?

A

1500BC

48
Q

What is the most sacred literature of Hinduism? How is it divided?

A

Vedas (eternal truths of religion, supreme authority of Hinduism): Sruti, Smriti

49
Q

How many Hindus are there in the world? How many in India alone?

A

800mil, 1.1b, 79.8%

50
Q

How is modern Hinduism being influenced?

A

Increasing contact with Vedic religion

51
Q

What beliefs are Hinduism centered?

A

Dharma (uphold physical world and society as a whole)

Moksa (ultimate release from the world)

52
Q

What is karma in hinduism?

A

Moral law of cause and effect (every action has a consequence)

53
Q

2 examples of Hindu self-help practice

A

Meditation, yoga

54
Q

What is Hinduism self help for?

A

Liberation through intense relationship between guru and disciple

55
Q

Where do Hindus worship and gather as a community?

A

Temple

56
Q

Who is considered the patriarch of many nations (religions)? Which nations?

A

Abraham; Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha’i faith

57
Q

Who led his people out of captivity?

A

Moses

58
Q

Who made Jerusalem a religious/political centre

A

2nd king, David

59
Q

Who built the first Jewish temple? Who destroyed it and when?

A

Solomon, Babylonians in 586BC

60
Q

What are non-Jews called?

A

Gentiles

61
Q

How many Jews were killed by Hitler, attempting to acheive “racial purity”?

A

6+ million

62
Q

What is the Zionist movement?

A

Create Jewish homeland in Israel, formed on may 18 1948

63
Q

How many Jews are there?

A

15mil followers

64
Q

What is the holy Jewish text?

A

Torrah

65
Q

What is the talmud?

A

Text containing stories, laws, medical knowledge, etc

66
Q

The first 5 books of the Torrah were revealed to who by God?

A

Moses

67
Q

How many Jewish commandments are there?

A

613

68
Q

When do girls and boys celebrate the mitzahs?

A

Bar: 13 (boys)
Bat: 12 (girls)

69
Q

What is a minyan in Judaism?

A

Group of men performing religious services

70
Q

What is the Jewish day of rest?

A

Shabbat

71
Q

Where do Jews worship?

A

Synagogue

72
Q

What is Passover/Pesach?

A

Recall Jews’ freedom from Egyptian slavery

73
Q

What is eaten at Pesach?

A

Seder (6 foods)

74
Q

What is Rosh Hashanah?

A

Jewish New Year, anniversary of completion of creation

75
Q

What is the Feast of Lights?

A

Hannukah

76
Q

What is a rabbi?

A

Male teacher of Jewish law and tradition

77
Q

When did conservative Judaism being?

A

1854

78
Q

What group of Jews regard mankind as measure of all things?

A

Humanistic

79
Q

What is the oldest form of Judaism?

A

Yahwism (conservative)

80
Q

What is Reconstructionist Judaism?

A

Attempt to evolve and save religion

Ethics 41 (5 decks)

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