Dialogue Flashcards
Name the 4 types of judgement
Preference
Prescription
Reality
Value
Define judgement of preference
Proposition that is subjective in relation to tastes and preferences
Give an example of judgement of preference
I like Christmas festivities
Define judgement of prescription
Proposition stating a recommendation or obligation. Reinforces a need to accomplish an act, modify a situation, solve a problem.
Give an example of judgement of prescription
Never kill, don’t steal, don’t cheat.
Define judgement of reality
Proposition attempting to be objective regarding observable facts, an event, a person’s observations. May be false.
Give an example of judgement of reality
The media influences our society.
Define judgement of value
Proposition that gives more weight to certain values than to others.
Give an example of judgement of value
Money buys happiness.
Name the 4 types of reasoning
Induction
Deduction
Analogy
Hypothesis
Define induction
Reasoning that comes up with a general rule based on several specific judgements having common characteristics. General rule can also be applied to other judgements of same type.
Give an example of induction + label each sentence
In order to get good grades, I study often. (Opinion)
I’ve always studied often, and I’ve never gotten a bad mark on a test. (Back-up)
Therefore, studying must be an effective way to get good grades. (General rule)
Define deduction
Reasoning consisting of applying a general rule to a judgement or a group of judgements in order to reach a conclusion.
Give an example of deduction + label each sentence
In New Brunswick, people speak french and english. (General rule)
NB is in Canada. (Back-up)
Therefore, Canada must be bilingual. (Conclusion)
Define analogy
Resemblance that is drawn between things/people in order to reach a conlcusion.
Give an example of analogy
The same way a mosquito is attracted to blood, Kaede is attracted to Vinnie Hacker,
Define hypothesis
Reasoning based on a limited number of judgements, in order to reach a conclusion.
Give an example of hypothesis
I know Laura likes to play Roblox. Someone didn’t log out of their Roblox account on a school computer. Therefore, Laura must have played Roblox on the school computer.
Name the 14 processes that may hinder dialogue
Hasty Generalization Personal attack (ad hominem) Appeal to the people (ad populum) Appeal to prejudice Appeal to stereotype Appeal to the crowd (bandwagon) Argument from authority Two wrongs don't make a right Straw man False dilemma Causal fallacy False analogy Slippery slope Conspiracy
Give an example of hasty generalization
A man was killed in a car accident while wearing a seatbelt. If he hadn’t worn it, he’d have been ok. Wearing a seatbelt is more dangerous than not.
Give an example of personal attack
Martin is fat, therefore he can not give us health advice.
Give an example of appeal to the people
Everyone like caf jamaican patties, so they must be good.
Give an example of appeal to prejudice
Because a lot of people in STL are Italian, they have pasta parties every weekend.
Give an example of appeal to stereotype
Since COVID-19 came from China, Chinese people are dirty.
