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Ethics 41 > Dialogue > Flashcards

Dialogue Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 types of judgement

A

Preference
Prescription
Reality
Value

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2
Q

Define judgement of preference

A

Proposition that is subjective in relation to tastes and preferences

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3
Q

Give an example of judgement of preference

A

I like Christmas festivities

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4
Q

Define judgement of prescription

A

Proposition stating a recommendation or obligation. Reinforces a need to accomplish an act, modify a situation, solve a problem.

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5
Q

Give an example of judgement of prescription

A

Never kill, don’t steal, don’t cheat.

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6
Q

Define judgement of reality

A

Proposition attempting to be objective regarding observable facts, an event, a person’s observations. May be false.

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7
Q

Give an example of judgement of reality

A

The media influences our society.

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8
Q

Define judgement of value

A

Proposition that gives more weight to certain values than to others.

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9
Q

Give an example of judgement of value

A

Money buys happiness.

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10
Q

Name the 4 types of reasoning

A

Induction
Deduction
Analogy
Hypothesis

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11
Q

Define induction

A

Reasoning that comes up with a general rule based on several specific judgements having common characteristics. General rule can also be applied to other judgements of same type.

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12
Q

Give an example of induction + label each sentence

A

In order to get good grades, I study often. (Opinion)
I’ve always studied often, and I’ve never gotten a bad mark on a test. (Back-up)
Therefore, studying must be an effective way to get good grades. (General rule)

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13
Q

Define deduction

A

Reasoning consisting of applying a general rule to a judgement or a group of judgements in order to reach a conclusion.

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14
Q

Give an example of deduction + label each sentence

A

In New Brunswick, people speak french and english. (General rule)
NB is in Canada. (Back-up)
Therefore, Canada must be bilingual. (Conclusion)

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15
Q

Define analogy

A

Resemblance that is drawn between things/people in order to reach a conlcusion.

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16
Q

Give an example of analogy

A

The same way a mosquito is attracted to blood, Kaede is attracted to Vinnie Hacker,

17
Q

Define hypothesis

A

Reasoning based on a limited number of judgements, in order to reach a conclusion.

18
Q

Give an example of hypothesis

A

I know Laura likes to play Roblox. Someone didn’t log out of their Roblox account on a school computer. Therefore, Laura must have played Roblox on the school computer.

19
Q

Name the 14 processes that may hinder dialogue

A 
Hasty Generalization
Personal attack (ad hominem)
Appeal to the people (ad populum)
Appeal to prejudice
Appeal to stereotype
Appeal to the crowd (bandwagon)
Argument from authority
Two wrongs don't make a right
Straw man
False dilemma
Causal fallacy
False analogy
Slippery slope
Conspiracy
20
Q

Give an example of hasty generalization

A

A man was killed in a car accident while wearing a seatbelt. If he hadn’t worn it, he’d have been ok. Wearing a seatbelt is more dangerous than not.

21
Q

Give an example of personal attack

A

Martin is fat, therefore he can not give us health advice.

22
Q

Give an example of appeal to the people

A

Everyone like caf jamaican patties, so they must be good.

23
Q

Give an example of appeal to prejudice

A

Because a lot of people in STL are Italian, they have pasta parties every weekend.

24
Q

Give an example of appeal to stereotype

A

Since COVID-19 came from China, Chinese people are dirty.

25
Q

Give an example of appeal to the crowd

A

ADD

26
Q

Give an example of argument from authority

A

ADD

27
Q

Give an example of two wrongs don’t make a right

A

ADD

28
Q

Give an example of straw man argument

A

ADD

29
Q

Give an example of false dilemma

A

ADD

30
Q

Give an example of causal fallacy

A

ADD

31
Q

Give an example of false analogy

A

ADD

32
Q

Give an example of slippery slope

A

ADD

33
Q

Give an example of conspiracy

A

ADD

Ethics 41 (5 decks)

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