reliability and validity

Question 1

reliability

Answer 1

inter-rater
- refers to the extent that two clinicians will reach the same diagnosis

test-retest
- whether the same diagnosis is reached for the same individual on two occasions by one clinician

Osario et al (2019)
- found inter-rater reliability of +.97
- found test-retest reliability of +.92

Question 2

validity

Answer 2

refers to the extent that a diagnosis represents something that is real and distinct from other disorders

refers to whether the ICD or DSM measure what they claim to measure

Chemiaux et al (2009)
- 2 psychiatrists assessed the same clients using ICD and DSM
- found 68 diagnosed with ICD and 39 with DSM
schizophrenia may be over OR under diagnosed

Question 3

evaluation of reliability and validity

Answer 3

co-morbidity
gender bias
symptom overlap
culture bias

Question 4

co-morbidity (RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY EVALUATION)

Answer 4

co-morbidity = the extent to which two(+) conditions occur at the same time in a patient

schizophrenia Is often diagnosed alongside other conditions

makes diagnosis and treatment difficult

schizophrenia may not even be a distinct disorder

Question 5

gender bias (RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY EVALUATION)

Answer 5

more men are diagnosed than women

could be because women have more social support and so function better

leads to under diagnosis and a lack of treatment for women

Question 6

symptom overlap (RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY EVALUATION)

Answer 6

many symptoms are also symptoms of other disorders e.g. bipolar disorder

could be that they are not two separate conditions

may be different variations of the same conditions

Question 7

culture bias (RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY EVALUATION)

Answer 7

symptoms can be interpreted differently in different cultures

African-Caribbean British people are 9 times MORE likely to be diagnosed then White British people

the diagnostic system may be culturally biased