Relevance of Hep B & C Flashcards
How is Hep A transmitted
Faecal-oral
How is Hep D transmitted
Parenteral, sexual
How is Hep E transmitted
Faecal-oral route
Which Hepatitis’ have a vaccine
Hep A,B,E
Which virus has a relationship with Hep B
Hepatitis D requires Hep B for replication
When and who discovered Hep B
1960s by Baruch S. Blumberg
What family was HBV a first member of
Hepadnaviridae
What largest particle is found in the blood of an infected Hep B patient
Dane particle
What is found in addition to dane particles
Sperical particles and filamentous forms
What is HBs Ag
Hepatitis B surface antigen
What is HBc Ag
Hepatitis B core antigen
How long can HBV surface in dry blood
1 week or more
What are the modes of transmission of Hep B
Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal
What is the incubation period of Hep B
2-3 months
If symptomatic what symptoms may a person with Hep B display
Flu like illness possibly with a yellow tone of the skin or sclera of the eyes
What is the first viral marker of Hep B to appear
HBsAg
What is the difference between normal recovery and chronic carriage of Hep B
Normal:
Clearance of antigens and creation of Anti-HBs within 6 months
Chronic:
HBsAg persists and no development of Anti-HBs
How is chronic Hep B defined
Persistence of HBsAg and failure to develop HBsAb more than 6 months after infection
What will be detected in the Hep B test of an acute infected patient
IgM anti-core (+ve) HBsAg (+ve)
What will be detected in the Hep B test of a Chronic infected patient
HBsAg (+ve) IgG anti-core (+ve/-ve) –ve for HBsAb/anti-HBs
What will be detected in the Hep B test of a previously infected patient
IgG anti-core (+ve) HBsAb/anti-HBs (+ve) –ve for other markers
What will be detected in the Hep B test of a vaccinated patient
HBsAb/anti-HBs (+ve) –ve for other markers
What are the possible outomes of Chronic hepatitis
Etrahepatic disease
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What are the types of chronic hepatitis
Persistent or active
How does the Hep B vaccination work
Vaccine: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide adjuvant
Produced by recombinant DNA technology
Vaccine administration: intramuscular
Three doses: Time zero, one month and six months
Post immunisation: test for antibody response 2-4 months after vaccination course complete
When is post exposure prophylaxis HBV required
When a patient is exposed to HBV without a previous succesful response to vaccine or unvaccinated
What is HBIG
HepatitisB immune globulin (post exposure prophylaxis HBV)
What are the steps to post exposure with unvaccinated and nonresponder vaccine people
Unvaccinated - HBIG x 1 and initiate hepatitis B vaccine series
Vaccinated but non responder - HBIG x 1 and vaccine booster
Administered as soon as possible and definitely within a week of exposure
What was Hep C previous known as
Non-A non-B hepatitis
How long can HCV survive on inanimate surfaces
Up to a week
What is the most prominent group of patients presenting with HepC
People who inject drugs and men who have sex with men
What is the incubation period of Hep C
Up to 26 weeks
(mean incubation period is 6-12 weeks)
What percentage of HCV patients become jaundiced
10%
What does the HCV-RNA test show
identifies presence of virus in blood – indicates active infection
What does viral genotyping test for
The type of HCV present
What do viral tests show
measures the number of viral particles in peripheral blood
What is the prevelance of HCV in scotland and england
1% scotland
0.5% england
What is the emerging treatment for HCV
Second generation protease inhibitors such as sofosbuvir and ledipasvir
What is the survival rates of HIV outside of the body
Quite easily killed by heat
HIV does not survive long outside the human body (such as on surfaces), and it cannot reproduce outside a human host
How is HIV transmitted
transfusion of blood and blood products
needle sharing by IDUs
Needle stick accidents and open wound or mucous membrane exposure in HCWs
male homosexuals
heterosexual contact
Intrauterine
Childbirth
breast milk
What cells does HIV destroy
CD4 T cells
How are false positives avoided
Positive results are always confirmed by examining a further blood sample for the same patient using a range of different test formats such as radioimmunoassay or immunofluorescence, this ensures no false positives are reported
Is there a vaccine for HIV and Hep C
No
Which of the BBVs is a DNA virus
HBV
What are your chances of clearing hepatitis B if you are a healthy adult
90-95%
What are your chances of progressing to chronic infection if infected with Hepatitis C
75%
Which BBV has a vaccine
HBV
Which BBV has no PEP
HCV
Which of the three BBV infections is most infective
HBV
