Relevance of Hep B & C Flashcards

1
Q

How is Hep A transmitted

A

Faecal-oral

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2
Q

How is Hep D transmitted

A

Parenteral, sexual

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3
Q

How is Hep E transmitted

A

Faecal-oral route

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4
Q

Which Hepatitis’ have a vaccine

A

Hep A,B,E

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5
Q

Which virus has a relationship with Hep B

A

Hepatitis D requires Hep B for replication

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6
Q

When and who discovered Hep B

A

1960s by Baruch S. Blumberg

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7
Q

What family was HBV a first member of

A

Hepadnaviridae

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8
Q

What largest particle is found in the blood of an infected Hep B patient

A

Dane particle

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9
Q

What is found in addition to dane particles

A

Sperical particles and filamentous forms

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10
Q

What is HBs Ag

A

Hepatitis B surface antigen

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11
Q

What is HBc Ag

A

Hepatitis B core antigen

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12
Q

How long can HBV surface in dry blood

A

1 week or more

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13
Q

What are the modes of transmission of Hep B

A

Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal

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14
Q

What is the incubation period of Hep B

A

2-3 months

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15
Q

If symptomatic what symptoms may a person with Hep B display

A

Flu like illness possibly with a yellow tone of the skin or sclera of the eyes

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16
Q

What is the first viral marker of Hep B to appear

A

HBsAg

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17
Q

What is the difference between normal recovery and chronic carriage of Hep B

A

Normal:
Clearance of antigens and creation of Anti-HBs within 6 months

Chronic:
HBsAg persists and no development of Anti-HBs

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18
Q

How is chronic Hep B defined

A

Persistence of HBsAg and failure to develop HBsAb more than 6 months after infection

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19
Q

What will be detected in the Hep B test of an acute infected patient

A

IgM anti-core (+ve) HBsAg (+ve)

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20
Q

What will be detected in the Hep B test of a Chronic infected patient

A

HBsAg (+ve) IgG anti-core (+ve/-ve) –ve for HBsAb/anti-HBs

21
Q

What will be detected in the Hep B test of a previously infected patient

A

IgG anti-core (+ve) HBsAb/anti-HBs (+ve) –ve for other markers

22
Q

What will be detected in the Hep B test of a vaccinated patient

A

HBsAb/anti-HBs (+ve) –ve for other markers

23
Q

What are the possible outomes of Chronic hepatitis

A

Etrahepatic disease
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma

24
Q

What are the types of chronic hepatitis

A

Persistent or active

25
Q

How does the Hep B vaccination work

A

Vaccine: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide adjuvant​

Produced by recombinant DNA technology​

Vaccine administration: intramuscular​

Three doses: Time zero, one month and six months​

Post immunisation: test for antibody response 2-4 months after vaccination course complete

26
Q

When is post exposure prophylaxis HBV required

A

When a patient is exposed to HBV without a previous succesful response to vaccine or unvaccinated

27
Q

What is HBIG

A

HepatitisB immune globulin (post exposure prophylaxis HBV)

28
Q

What are the steps to post exposure with unvaccinated and nonresponder vaccine people

A

Unvaccinated - HBIG x 1 and initiate hepatitis B vaccine series​

Vaccinated but non responder - HBIG x 1 and vaccine booster​

Administered as soon as possible and definitely within a week of exposure​

29
Q

What was Hep C previous known as

A

Non-A non-B hepatitis

30
Q

How long can HCV survive on inanimate surfaces

A

Up to a week

31
Q

What is the most prominent group of patients presenting with HepC

A

People who inject drugs and men who have sex with men

32
Q

What is the incubation period of Hep C

A

Up to 26 weeks
(mean incubation period is 6-12 weeks)

33
Q

What percentage of HCV patients become jaundiced

A

10%

34
Q

What does the HCV-RNA test show

A

identifies presence of virus in blood – indicates active infection​

35
Q

What does viral genotyping test for

A

The type of HCV present

36
Q

What do viral tests show

A

measures the number of viral particles in peripheral blood​

37
Q

What is the prevelance of HCV in scotland and england

A

1% scotland
0.5% england

38
Q

What is the emerging treatment for HCV

A

Second generation protease inhibitors such as sofosbuvir and ledipasvir

39
Q

What is the survival rates of HIV outside of the body

A

Quite easily killed by heat​

HIV does not survive long outside the human body (such as on surfaces), and it cannot reproduce outside a human host

40
Q

How is HIV transmitted

A

transfusion of blood and blood products​

needle sharing by IDUs​

Needle stick accidents and open wound or mucous membrane exposure in HCWs​

male homosexuals​

heterosexual contact​

Intrauterine​

Childbirth​

breast milk

41
Q

What cells does HIV destroy

A

CD4 T cells

42
Q

How are false positives avoided

A

Positive results are always confirmed by examining a further blood sample for the same patient using a range of different test formats such as radioimmunoassay or immunofluorescence, this ensures no false positives are reported

43
Q

Is there a vaccine for HIV and Hep C

A

No

44
Q

Which of the BBVs is a DNA virus

A

HBV

45
Q

What are your chances of clearing hepatitis B if you are a healthy adult

A

90-95%

46
Q

What are your chances of progressing to chronic infection if infected with Hepatitis C

A

75%

47
Q

Which BBV has a vaccine

A

HBV

48
Q

Which BBV has no PEP

A

HCV

49
Q

Which of the three BBV infections is most infective

A

HBV