Dental relevance of HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Who was patient 0 or zero

A

a flight attendant with approx 250 partners/year​

affected with Kaposi’s in June 1980​

linked by sexual contact to 40 patients​

characterised as promiscuous and irresponsible​

died of AIDS in 1984

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did GRID stand for

A

Gay related Immuno Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does AIDS stand for

A

Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What animal does HIV stem from

A

Chimpanzees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do scientists and researchers believe the first transmission of SIV to HIV in humans was

A

1920

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is HIV transmitted

A

Unprotected sex
Drug addicts (needles)
Blood transfusion
Pregnancy
Non-sterile instruments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What methods DO NOT transmit HIV

A

Touching
Through foood
Kissing
Insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What tests are there for HIV

A

Oral fluid tests
Direct blood spot
Lab testing
Blood tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the window period for HIV

A

The point between potential exposure and the point where an accurate test result can be acheived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can the HIV window period be shortened

A

Antigen tests and methods to detect viral RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can a person exposed to HIV still test negative during the window period even if they have contracted the disease

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How long is the HIV window period

A

2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is ART

A

Antiretroviral treatment

First version introduced in the 1987​

Long term medical treatment (not cure)​

Suppresses the virus​

Prevents disease from progressing​

Saved millions of lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is PrEP

A

Pre exposure profillaxis
Taken by those who dont have HIV but are at risk (sexually active gay men)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is UNAIDS targets for countries

A

Requires >95% of people living with HIV to be aware of their status

> 95% with HIV on treatment

> 95% on HIV treatment to be virally supressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What family of virus does HIV 1 and 2 stem from

A

Retroviruses

17
Q

What 2 glycoproteins on HIV attach to the host cell

A

gp41 and gp120

18
Q

Where are the glycoproteins found in HIV

A

In the lipid membrane of envelope

19
Q

What is the main attachment receptor for HIV

A

CD4 molecule on macrophages and microglia cells

20
Q

What are the key stages of the HIV lifestyle

A

HIV releases genetic material into CD4 cell​

Reverse transcriptase copies RNA – DNA​

Viral DNA inserted in cell DNA​

Many copies of the viral RNA and proteins made​

New viral particles assemble and bud from cell

21
Q

How many HIV particles are produced per day on infection

A

10 billion

22
Q

What is the pathology of HIV when untreated

A

Decline in peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte count
Wasting disease
Neurological disease

23
Q

What is the definition of AIDS

A

AIDS is currently defined as the presence of one of 25 conditions indicative of severe immunosuppression​

OR​

HIV infection in an individual with a CD4+ cell count of <200 cells per cubic mm of blood

24
Q

What does having AIDS signify

A

AIDS is therefore the end point of an infection that is continuous, progressive and pathogenic

25
What oral lesions are associated with HIV
Oral Candidosis​ Hairy Leukoplakia​ Kaposi’s sarcoma​ Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma​ Periodontal disease
26
Why are Oral lesions associated with HIV
Severity depends on levels of CD4 count
27
When should paients be prompted test for HIV
Those not on medication or preventitive messures Presenting with oral lesions associated with disease Not already known to have HIV Patient on immunosuppresant therapy
28
How Prevelant is HIV in scotland (high risk groups)
5.9% (MSM) 0.7% (PWID)
29
What regulation was introduced to reduce risk of HIV transmission in dental setting
Health and safety (sharp instruments in healthcare) regulations 2013
30
What should dental professionals do to prevent spread of HIV
possess adequate knowledge about HIV infection and the significance of oral lesions associated with HIV which may help identify those who would benefit from HIV testing​ provide HIV patients with oral healthcare of the highest standards. A focus on routine and preventative care will maintain and improve the quality of life for patients with HIV​ Infection control measures should be strictly followed​ Dental professionals have a legislative duty to report all sharps injuries and seek appropriate follow up and management as per local policies.