Relationships - influence of childhood

Question 1

Waters (Bowlby, continuity)

Answer 1

• retested adults after 20 years of first assessing them at 12 months
• stability of 72%

Question 2

Lewis (Bowlby, continuity)

Answer 2

• longitudinal
• compared classification at 12 months and 18 years
• found stability of 42%, worse than by chance

Question 3

Senchak and Leonard (Bowlby, adult behaviour)

Answer 3

• resistant men acquired marriage licences after shorter courtships
• better marital adjustment when both partners were securely attached

Question 4

Campbell (Bowlby, adult behaviour)

Answer 4

• avoidant individuals least likely to enter into romantic relationship, most likely to keep distance and say that they have never been in love

Question 5

Waller and Shaver (Kagan)

Answer 5

• found for MZs 0.26 correlation of similar attachment styles and 0.25 for DZs, suggests individual differences are due to environment

Question 6

Picardi (Kagan)

Answer 6

• compared 244 twins
• heritability of anxiety and avoidance was 62%, suggests not just genetics
• supports IWM but genetics are more important

Question 7

Jedlicka 1980 (Freud)

Answer 7

• couples with inter-ethically mixed parents
• men more likely to marry into mother’s ethnic group
• women more likely to marry into father’s ethnic group

Question 8

Jedlicka 1984 (Freud)

Answer 8

• first time marriage
• mate selection of males more influenced by mothers and mate selection of females more influenced by fathers
• simple and objective

Question 9

Aron (Freud)

Answer 9

• waiting in line to marry
• complete questionnaires about relationship
• men depicted relationship with partner as borderline in relation to mother, women did not see relationship as similar to that with father
• both men and women saw relationship as more similar to relation with mother
• supports attachment theory