Relationships and processes: Labelling

Question 1

what was the research on how do teachers label students

Answer 1

HARGREAVES, HESTER AND MELLOR
- interviews in two northern schools, suburban and urban

Question 2

how do teachers label students
(4 stages)

Answer 2

1. speculation
2. elaboration
3. stabilisation
4. interpreting

Question 3

what is speculation

Answer 3

guesses made based on appearance, enthusiasm and relationships

Question 4

what is elaboration

Answer 4

teachers test their hypothesis which is either confirmed or contradicted

Question 5

what is stabilisation

Answer 5

hypothesis solidify and are fixed to the child

Question 6

what are labels often based on

Answer 6

labels are often based on stereotypes rather than evidence

Question 7

labels are _

Answer 7

difficult to lose once they have been attached

Question 8

labels have_

Answer 8

consequences for the students education as teachers screen out anything that contradicts this

Question 9

labels impact_

Answer 9

the types of experiences children gain from education e.g missing out on school trips

Question 10

labels could lead to_

Answer 10

students belief these are true, internalising this and creating a self fulfilling prophecy

Question 11

stages of the pygmalion effect

Answer 11

1. our actions (impact)
2. others beliefs about us (which cause)
   3 . others actions towards us (which reinforce)
3. beliefs about ourselves (which influence 1)

Question 12

explain hidden curriculum

Answer 12

• these are attitudes and values reflected in the schools ethos such as punctuality, pride in achievements
• organises students into groups
• helps makes functioning members of society

Question 13

define banding, streaming and setting

Answer 13

banding - prices of having more than one class for a subject

streaming - refers to placing students into a collection of classes based on overall ability

setting - refers to students being placed base upon their ability in a subject

Question 14

who does setting and streaming effect

Answer 14

• w/c students more likely to be lower
• m/c students likely to be higher
• variations based on ethic backgrounds

Question 15

setting and streamings effect on achievement

Answer 15

KEDDIE
lower sets: less challlenging work, lower tier exams, cooled down
higher sets: challenging work, positive reinforcements with higher tier exams, warmed up to uni

Question 16

further impacts of setting and streaming

Answer 16

LACEY
- differentiation
- polarisation
- formation of pro and anti school subcultures

Question 17

contrmpary examples of banding, setting and streaming

Answer 17

persists especially in english and maths
rise of BTEC replacing GCSE and A level qualifications
marketisation leads to students being places in ‘achievable qualifications’

Question 18

evaluation of banding streaming and setting (5)

Answer 18

BALL - removal of setting and streaming lessened anti school subculture

BOALER - lower sets are ‘’phycological prisons’

mixed ability sets perform better

educational cuts - lower sets more likely to be impacted

lower sets due to lower abilities

Question 19

how does education triage work

Answer 19

students are split into three groups

1. students who will succeed anyways
2. students who could succeed with help (C/D boundary)
3. students who wont succeed with any amount of help

Question 20

how do teachers act on labels

Answer 20

1. climate - nicer to them
2. input - teach more material
3. response opportunity - call on them more
4. feedback - positive reinforcement or detailed correction