Relationships and processes: Labelling Flashcards
what was the research on how do teachers label students
HARGREAVES, HESTER AND MELLOR
- interviews in two northern schools, suburban and urban
how do teachers label students
(4 stages)
- speculation
- elaboration
- stabilisation
- interpreting
what is speculation
guesses made based on appearance, enthusiasm and relationships
what is elaboration
teachers test their hypothesis which is either confirmed or contradicted
what is stabilisation
hypothesis solidify and are fixed to the child
what are labels often based on
labels are often based on stereotypes rather than evidence
labels are _
difficult to lose once they have been attached
labels have_
consequences for the students education as teachers screen out anything that contradicts this
labels impact_
the types of experiences children gain from education e.g missing out on school trips
labels could lead to_
students belief these are true, internalising this and creating a self fulfilling prophecy
stages of the pygmalion effect
- our actions (impact)
- others beliefs about us (which cause)
3 . others actions towards us (which reinforce) - beliefs about ourselves (which influence 1)
explain hidden curriculum
- these are attitudes and values reflected in the schools ethos such as punctuality, pride in achievements
- organises students into groups
- helps makes functioning members of society
define banding, streaming and setting
banding - prices of having more than one class for a subject
streaming - refers to placing students into a collection of classes based on overall ability
setting - refers to students being placed base upon their ability in a subject
who does setting and streaming effect
- w/c students more likely to be lower
- m/c students likely to be higher
- variations based on ethic backgrounds
setting and streamings effect on achievement
KEDDIE
lower sets: less challlenging work, lower tier exams, cooled down
higher sets: challenging work, positive reinforcements with higher tier exams, warmed up to uni
further impacts of setting and streaming
LACEY
- differentiation
- polarisation
- formation of pro and anti school subcultures
contrmpary examples of banding, setting and streaming
persists especially in english and maths
rise of BTEC replacing GCSE and A level qualifications
marketisation leads to students being places in ‘achievable qualifications’
evaluation of banding streaming and setting (5)
BALL - removal of setting and streaming lessened anti school subculture
BOALER - lower sets are ‘’phycological prisons’
mixed ability sets perform better
educational cuts - lower sets more likely to be impacted
lower sets due to lower abilities
how does education triage work
students are split into three groups
- students who will succeed anyways
- students who could succeed with help (C/D boundary)
- students who wont succeed with any amount of help
how do teachers act on labels
- climate - nicer to them
- input - teach more material
- response opportunity - call on them more
- feedback - positive reinforcement or detailed correction
