Class Differences in Acheivment: Internal

Question 1

what are the 6 internal factors?

Answer 1

labelling
setting and streaming
pupil subcultures
middle class curriculum
pupil indentity
marketisation

Question 2

explain labelling

Answer 2

BECKER - teachers have an image of the ‘ideal pupil’
- this is more likely to correspond to middle class values
- students internalise these labels (negative for w/c) and
- becomes self fulfilling prophecy

Question 3

criticisms of labelling

Answer 3

FULLER - can reject labels and work harder, black girls labelled as low achievers would study hard to prove this wrong

Question 4

how are teacher expectations transmitted?

Answer 4

RIST -nursery children placed on tables based on class and appearance

ROSENTHAL AND JACOBSON - langauge, feedback and body language

Question 5

explain setting and streaming

Answer 5

BALL - w/c children more likely to be in lower sets regardless of primary school results

LACEY - polarisation and differention
- formation of cultures
- streaming makes it harder to access HE

Question 6

explain pupil subcultures

Answer 6

PAUL WILLIS
- students form a subculture against school
- rejecting work and rules etc.
- working class boys

Question 7

explain middle class curriculum

Answer 7

• what is taught at school is based on middle class knowledge
• e.g middle class authors use same langauge
• hidden curriculum works in intrest of m/c who are more likely to accept and understand
  BORDIEU - habitus

Question 8

explain pupil identities

Answer 8

ARCHER - working class girls identities affect their experience at school leading to underachievement
- because of middle class habitus at school
- response to symbolic violence
- ‘sexy nike’ identity

Question 9

explain marketisation and selection

Answer 9

GILLBORN AND YOUDELL
- publishing league tables creates an A to C economy
- schools perform a triage categorising pupils into achievers, borderline and hopeless