Relationships and connections Flashcards
What is a place?
Any space which has had human interaction. Humans place a context to the space, and geographers study this theme by looking at the characteristics that distinguish one place from another.
What is a space?
The geographical container in which all processes occur i.e. the land and the physical processes that have, and continue to, produce it.
What is scale?
The range/scope/size to which we distinguish/contain space and/or place.
What are the different types of inhabitancy in the rural-urban continuum from smallest to largest?
Isolated dwelling
Hamlet
Village
Town
City
Metropolis
Conurbation
Megalopolis
What is an isolated dwelling?
Give example
1-2 buildings, one family
No services
A farm
What is a hamlet?
Give example
Less than 100 people, small population
Very few services
Few buildings
Southwaite
What is a village?
Give example
Population from hundreds-thousands
Not many services. May have:
- church
- pub
- village shop
- primary school
- post office
Clifton
What is a town?
Give examples
Population range from 1,000 - 100,000
Sub categories: large/small
Range of services/amenities
- primary and secondary school
Penrith - small
Blackpool - large
What is a city?
What is a megacity?
Give examples
Population over 10s of thousands - usually over 300,000
Sub categories: large/small
Abundant services
- primary, secondary, uni
- high street brands
Megacity = more than 10 million - Tokyo
Salisbury - small
Leeds - large
What is a metropolis?
Give example
Large city and its suburbs
Multiple cities and towns
Population usually between 1-3 million
Greater Manchester
What is a conurbation?
Give example
A group of large cities/towns
3-10 million people
Huge range of services
Technology
Greater London
What is a megalopolis?
Give example
A group of conurbation
More than 10 million each
Taiheiyo Belt, Japan
What is topophobia?
Fear of a place due to intense negative experiences there
What is topophillia?
A strong sense of place with a love of certain aspects of the place.
Can be part of a person or groups cultural identity.
How do people form connections to a place?
- lived experiences
- media
- experiences of others
- perspective
What is place perspective?
A combination of lived experiences and perception of the place
What is localism?
A preference for a place closest to you
What is regionalism?
Identification with a distinct region
e.g. cornish not english
What is nationalism?
Strong identification and love for ones country PATRIOTISM
What is globalism?
Referring to yourself as a global citizen
How can we define a place?
Location
Locale
Sense of place
What is location?
The geographical place on the map
What is locale?
The combination of social processes within a location to give it meaning
What is the sense of place?
When an attachment forms between person and place due to a lived experience, or when the place has a distinct or unique character possibly contributed to by the people who live there/social customs/economic status/jobs
What is placelessness?
When a place in similar to lot of other places and doesn’t have its own special character
What is place making/regeneration?
Planning, design and management of public spaces by the government or local authority.
- upgrading existing places or drastic renewal schemes for rural and urban residential, retail, industrial or commercial areas
What is rebranding?
places are given new or enhanced identity to increase their attractiveness and socio-economic viability
- centres on place marketing
What are insider and outsider perspectives?
Insider - the dominant group of people who have lived there for a long time. Feel safe and in control. They create the social norms and may be comfortable in the place e.g. knows the language, has family there
Outsider - anyone who doesn’t conform to the social norms or doesn’t come from the area. They may have characteristics that do not fit the social norm e.g. gender, ethnicity, immigrant status, do not know the language. They may experience social or spatial exclusion e.g. anti-homelessness spikes.
What is the difference between a real and constructed place?
Real - a place that can be visited
Constructed - not real but still has a distinctive character or sense of belonging e.g. Hogwarts, Narnia
What is the difference between an experienced place and a media place?
Experienced = one you have physically visited and so you have associations and emotional attachments to it
Media = one you have experienced through the media so that you may have associations or connections to them through your own perceptions
What in Genus Loci?
‘Spirit of the place’
The things that make the place unique and can only be understood by experiencing the place
What factors affect the character of a place?
- land use
- demographic characteristics
- economic characteristics
- topography and physical location
- infrastructure
What processes drive the change of places?
FLOW OF:
- people
- capital
- investment
- resources
makes some places socially/economically dynamic, makes others left out and marginalised from wealth and opportunity
- this can create/exacerbate economic/social inequalities between and in local areas
How can the flow of people change places?
- demographic
- feel
- crime levels
- job opportunities
- culture
What is studentification?
The social and environmental changes caused by very large numbers of students living in particular areas on a town or city
Give examples of how migration has had an impact on place?
- Rusholme, Manchester
‘Curry Mile’
- inward migration means similar people cluster together to form enclaves of Asian descent
- lots of shops and services will be this kind of demographic to they appeal to people living in the area - Chinatown (Toronto)
- big influx of migration so the same kind of people can all live together to share culture/get along together
- buildings altered/culture restores to make it mean home to these people
- turns into a neighbourhood to be lived in and shared
How can migration influence place positively?
- cultural diversity/multiculturalism
- tourism and global image
- economic growth and innovation
- character change/image enhancement
How can migration influence a place negatively?
- cultural clashes
- gentrification
- shortages (houses, jobs, services)
- decline/transformation of industry
Give an example of how foreign ownership can cause issues
St George Wharf Tower, Vauxhall
- more than 60% foreignly owned
- each property sells for average £2.2m
MOSTLY EMPTY =
- loss of character
- less people paying council tax
- local amenities not supported
- dereliction and crime
- uproar about housing crisis and lack of affordable homes
