relationships and attachment Flashcards
I only have eyes for you study
eyes moved away more quickly from attractive, opposite- sex people in romantic love condition
love-based
levels of romantic love decrease drastically after five years
arranged marriages
levels of romantic love increased until 10 years than levels out
tracked marriage couples for 14 years study
- negative affect reciprocity
- wife demand husband withdraw
- both behaviors significant predictors of divorce
- less WDHW when talking abut event of the day
negative affect reciprocity
back-and-forth retaliatory negativity during conflict
Wife-demand-husband-withdraw (WDHW)
wife criticizes husband, husband “stonewalls” (i.e., withdraws from the interaction)
emotional reappraisal
evaluating previous conflicts from the other persons perspective, or as an outside observer
emotional reappraisal study
increased marital quality for couples after reappraisal intervention began
4 category attachment model
secure, anxious/ambivalent, dismissing-avoidant and fearful-avoidant
secure attachment
confident and emotional attachment
-positive view of self and others
anxious/ambivalent attachment
associated with neediness, clinging, ambivalent feelings
- negative view of self, positive view of others
dismissing-avoidant attachment
associated with self-reliance, fear of intimacy, rejection sensitivity, and emotional distance
- positive view of self, negative view of other
fearful-avoidant attachment
combo of insecure attachment styles, with alternating strategies, associated with trauma/abandonment
- negative view of self and others
two dimension attachment models
- abandonment anxiety
- discomfort with closeness
- dimensions used to predict level of attachment security
attachment style in relationship: secure
health/stability
attachment style in relationship: insecure
- more negative affect, anger and conflict
- difficulty expressing own feelings during conflict
- difficulty interpreting other’s feelings
monkey study
secure base and safe haven
- monkeys choose cloth mother over wire monkey with food
sheep study
injected oxycontin into sheep - made mother sheep elicit nurturing behavior to lambs
prairie vole study (oxycontin)
blocked oxycontin and they didn’t want to hangout with partner anymore
social support network
group of friends and family that can be relied on for comfort and support
- associated with happiness, physical health and mental health
Prairie voles develop anxiety/depression when raised in…
isolation
-can be prevented by environmental enrichment
Rat Park Study
rats living in enriched environment drank significantly less morphine
- suggests addiction is about more than mere exposure to drugs
- less social contact = more consumption
Prairie Voles “drinking buddies”
high drinkers drank less during pairing with low drinker and second isolation
Dogs social skills study
dogs are better at locating something with human cue than chimpanzees
- dogs can also discriminate whether a person can see them
- chimps can find food using non-social cues, past searches, means-ends tasks
proposed theories for dog’s superiority with human social skills
- enculturation: domesticated dogs learn from humans
- inherited through wolves
- evolved during domestication
emotional reactivity hypothesis
human social skills developed as by product of selection on social-emotional systems
- chimps found hidden food only when humans were competitors
tentative theory explaining social skills
modern human societies evolved through a form of self-domestication
- human-like temperament and selected trait
