Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A2 Psychology > Relationships > Flashcards

Relationships Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Name the 3 factors affecting attraction (Relationships)

A

Self-disclosure; physical attractiveness; filter theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define self-disclosure (Relationships)

A

Sharing what matters to us e.g. hopes and fears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 2 researchers that devised the social penetration theory (Relationships)

A

Altman & Taylor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the social penetration theory (Relationships)

A

Reciprocal and gradual process of revealing your inner self to someone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 2 elements of self-disclosure (Relationships)

A

Breadth & depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example of high risk information shared in self-disclosure (Relationships)

A

Painful memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the supporting evidence of self-disclosure (Relationships)

A

Hendrick found strong correlation between satisfaction and self-disclosure in straight couples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The fact of self-disclosure can be criticised as ‘culture-bound’, how? (Relationships)

A

Americans disclose sexual desires; Chinese don’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe Shackleford’s finding into the factor of physical attractiveness (Relationships)

A

Symmetrical and neotenous faces rated as more attractive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 2 examples of neotenous features (Relationships)

A

Big eyes; small nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the effect associated with the factor physical attractiveness (Relationships)

A

The halo effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define the halo effect (Relationships)

A

Preconceived idea about personality traits that attractive people have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dion conducted research into the halo effect, what was found? (Relationships)

A

Physically attractive people rated as kind, strong and successful when compared against unattractive people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the halo effect called that? (Relationships)

A

One distinguishing feature has a disproportionate influence on judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the 3 researchers in physical attractiveness (Relationships)

A

Shackleford, Dion & Walster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did Walster come up with in physical attractiveness? (Relationships)

A

The matching hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe Walster’s matching hypothesis (Relationships)

A

We can’t all form relationships with the most attractive people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give a negative evaluation of the factor physical attractiveness (Relationships)

A

Individual differences; not everyone looks for physical attractiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name 2 researchers who provide supporting evidence for the halo effect (Relationships)

A

Palmer & Peterson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Palmer & Peterson’s study into the halo effect find? (Relationships)

A

Physically attractive people rated as more politically knowledgeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the 2 researchers who devised the filter theory (Relationships)

A

Kerckhoff & Davis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the filter theory suggest we have a field of? (Relationships)

A

Availables (who we could form a relationship with)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the 3 filter in Kerckhoff & Davis filter theory? (Relationships)

A

Social demography, similarity in attitudes and complementarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define complementarity (Relationships)

A

Complementing traits which the other lacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Give and explain a negative evaluation of filter theory (Relationships)

A

Lack of temporal validity; on-line dating has reduced the need for first level filter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Give a positive evaluation of filter theory (Relationships)

A

Winch found that interests and personalities were similar in early relationship stages (echoes the matching hypothesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the 4 theories of romantic relationships (Relationships)

A

Social exchange theory; equity theory; Russboult’s investment model; Duck’s phase model

28
Q

Name the 2 researchers that devised the social exchange theory (Relationships)

A

Thibault & Kelly

29
Q

What type of an exchange is the social exchange theory? (Relationships)

A

Economic (minimise loss, maximise gain)

30
Q

Give 3 examples of rewards in the social exchange theory (Relationships)

A

Companionship, sex, emotional support

31
Q

Give 3 examples of costs in the social exchange theory (Relationships)

A

Stress, energy, compromise

32
Q

Define comparison level in social exchange theory (Relationships)

A

The amount of reward you believe you deserve

33
Q

What does the comparison level develop from? (Relationships)

A

Experiences from previous relationships and media

34
Q

What does the comparison level for alternatives ask? (Relationships)

A

Would we have better profits from a relationship elsewhere?

35
Q

Name the 4 stages of relationship development according to the social exchange theory (Relationships)

A

Sampling, bargaining, commitment, institutionalisation

36
Q

Give 2 negative evaluations of social exchange theory (Relationships)

A

Ignores equity; it’s difficult to quantify rewards and costs

37
Q

Name the researcher who devised the equity theory (Relationships)

A

Walster

38
Q

Define equity (Relationships)

A

Perceived fairness

39
Q

Describe how equity occurs (Relationships)

A

When both partners have roughly the same level of profit

40
Q

What can over-benefitting or under-benefitting in a relationship lead to? (Relationships)

A

Dissatisfaction

41
Q

Give 3 examples of how dissatisfaction can be shown (Relationships)

A

Anger, hostility, humiliation

42
Q

Give a negative evaluation of Walster’s equity theory (Relationships)

A

Cultural issues (individualist cultures are most satisfied when equitable whereas collectivist cultures were most satisfied when over-benefitting)

43
Q

Name the researcher who provides supporting evidence for the equity theory (Relationships)

A

Utne

44
Q

Describe Utne’s supporting evidence (Relationships)

A

Couples that had been married that got married after at least 2 years together were the most satisfied when relationship was equitable compared to under and over-benefitting

45
Q

Name the 3 factors that affect commitment in Rusbalt’s investment model (Relationships)

A

Satisfaction level, comparison with alternatives and investment size

46
Q

Define investment (Relationships)

A

Anything we could lose if relationship ended

47
Q

How many types of investment are there in Rusbalt’s investment model? (Relationships)

A

2

48
Q

Name the 2 types of investment in Rusbalt’s investment model (Relationships)

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

49
Q

Define intrinsic investment (Relationships)

A

Things put directly into a relationship

50
Q

Give 2 examples of intrinsic investment (Relationships)

A

Money, possessions

51
Q

Define extrinsic investment (Relationships)

A

Didn’t feature at first, but are now associated to relationship

52
Q

Give 4 examples of extrinsic investment (Relationships)

A

Car brought together, mutual friends, children, memories

53
Q

Give a positive evaluation of Rusbalt’s investment model (Relationships)

A

Explains why dissatisfied people might stay in a relationship (abusive)

54
Q

What does Rusbalt say about satisfaction? (Relationships)

A

It’s not the same as commitment and they should not get confused

55
Q

Give a negative evaluation of Rusbalt’s investment model (Relationships)

A

Methodological issues based on questionnaires and other self-report techniques

56
Q

What does Duck’s phase model concentrate on?(Relationships)

A

Relationship breakdown

57
Q

Name the 4 phases in Duck’s phase model (Relationships)

A

Intrapsychic, dyadic, social, grave-dressing

58
Q

What type of processes/process does the intrapsychic phase focus on, and what happens as a result? (Relationships)

A

Cognitive process where one broods on the reason for dissatisfaction privately

59
Q

What type of processes/process does the dyadic phase focus on, and what happens as a result? (Relationships)

A

Interpersonal process where dissatisfaction is aired through confrontation

60
Q

Name the 2 outcomes of the dyadic phase (Relationships)

A

Continue to breakup or get a desire to repair the relationship

61
Q

What type of processes/process does the social phase focus on, and what happens as a result? (Relationships)

A

Social network process, tell everyone and mutual friends pick a side

62
Q

Duck and Rollie added a 5th stage to Duck’s phase model, what was it called? (Relationships)

A

Resurrection stage

63
Q

What did Duck & Rollie’s resurrection stage lead to? (Relationships)

A

Individual turns to future relationships using experience from previous

64
Q

Give a positive evaluation of Duck’s phase model (Relationships)

A

It emphasises external processes e.g. gossip

65
Q

Give a negative evaluation of Duck’s phase model (Relationships)

A

It is based on retrospect after relationship ended (inaccurate recall)

A2 Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions