Aggression Flashcards
Name the 3 social psychological explanations of aggression
Frustration-aggression hypothesis, SLT, de-individuation
Give 3 reasons why aggression isn’t always directed onto the source
Abstract, too powerful, unavailable
Who came up with a theory to contradict the frustration-aggression theory and what was it called?
Berkowitz - negative affect theory
Define de-individuation in aggression
A concept to explain how individuals behave in crowds
Who came up with the frustration aggression hypothesis of aggression?
Dollard Et al
Name the researcher/ research into frustration aggression
Geen - jigsaw puzzles
Which approach was the frustration aggression hypothesis of aggression based upon?
The psychodynamic approach of catharsis
Name the researcher/ research which opposes catharsis in the frustration aggression hypothesis of aggression
Bushman - punch bags
Define catharsis in the frustration aggression hypothesis of aggression
Aggression being satisfied
Besides the negative effect theory, what else does Berkowitz suggest about frustration aggression
Environmental cues are needed to produce aggressive behaviour (not just frustration)
Name the 3 researchers involved with the de-individuation explanation of aggression
Zimbardo, Dixon and Rogers
Fill in the missing word according to the ethological explanation of aggression. “The main function of aggression is ?”
Adaptive
When Lorenz studied same-species fights in the ethological explanation of aggression, what was he studying?
Ritualistic aggression
Name the display shown when the winner and loser are accepting of their position in a fight according to the ethological explanation of aggression
Appeasement display
Give an example of an appeasement display shown by an animal in the ethological explanation of aggression
Wolf - shows vein in neck which holds a major artery
Define an IRM in the ethological explanation of aggression
Innate releasing mechanism
Define an FAP in the ethological explanation of aggression
Fixed action pattern
What happens when an IRM is stimulated by a perceived threat in the ethological explanation of aggression
An FAP is released
How many main features does a Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) have according to the ethological explanation of aggression?
6
Name the 6 main features of an FAP according to the ethological explanation of aggression
Stereotyped, universal, unaffected by learning, ballistic, single-purpose, response to a stimulus
Name the researcher/ research into IRMs and FAPs in the ethological explanation of aggression
Tinbergen - sticklebacks (red spots)
Name the researcher/ research who opposed the idea of ritualistic aggression in the ethological explanation of aggression
Goodall - chimpanzees slaughtering each other
What are the 3 main ideas that the evolutionary explanation of aggression discusses?
Sexual jealousy, mate retention, evolutionary explanation of bullying
The evolutionary explanation of aggression suggests that sexual jealousy is a major factor in male aggressive behaviour, why?
Men can suffer paternity uncertainty / fear of cuckoldry
What are the 6 conditions of de-individuation that affect aggression in the de-individuation explanation?
Masks, disguise, darkness, drugs, alcohol, uniform
What does Dixon suggest about anonymity in the de-individuation explanation of aggression
The bigger the crowd, the more anonymous we are
What does Dollard suggest happens if you don’t direct aggression onto the source of frustration in the frustration-aggression hypothesis of aggression?
It is displaced onto an alternative
Name the researcher/ research into de-individuation in the de-individuation hypothesis
Dodd - “if you could do anything… what would you do?”
Why does Campbell suggest women with children are less likely to be aggressive in the evolutionary explanation of aggression?
Aggression puts her and her children at risk
Name the researcher who studied inter-partner violence (IPV) in heterosexual couples in the evolutionary explanation of aggression
Shackleford
Name the phrase given to males who are being cheated on in the sexual jealousy explanation in the evolutionary explanation of aggression
Of cuckoldry
Name the 2 researchers who studied mate retention strategies
Wilson and Daly
Name the 2 mate retention strategies that Wilson and Daly suggest in the evolutionary explanation of aggression
Direct guarding, negative inducements
Define the mate retention strategy ‘direct guarding’ in the evolutionary explanation of aggression
Male vigilance over a partner’s behaviour
Define the mate retention strategy ‘negative inducements’ in the evolutionary explanation of aggression
Issuing threats eg “I’ll kill my self if you leave me”
