Aggression

Question 1

Name the 3 social psychological explanations of aggression

Answer 1

Frustration-aggression hypothesis, SLT, de-individuation

Question 2

Give 3 reasons why aggression isn’t always directed onto the source

Answer 2

Abstract, too powerful, unavailable

Question 3

Who came up with a theory to contradict the frustration-aggression theory and what was it called?

Answer 3

Berkowitz - negative affect theory

Question 4

Define de-individuation in aggression

Answer 4

A concept to explain how individuals behave in crowds

Question 5

Who came up with the frustration aggression hypothesis of aggression?

Answer 5

Dollard Et al

Question 6

Name the researcher/ research into frustration aggression

Answer 6

Geen - jigsaw puzzles

Question 7

Which approach was the frustration aggression hypothesis of aggression based upon?

Answer 7

The psychodynamic approach of catharsis

Question 8

Name the researcher/ research which opposes catharsis in the frustration aggression hypothesis of aggression

Answer 8

Bushman - punch bags

Question 9

Define catharsis in the frustration aggression hypothesis of aggression

Answer 9

Aggression being satisfied

Question 10

Besides the negative effect theory, what else does Berkowitz suggest about frustration aggression

Answer 10

Environmental cues are needed to produce aggressive behaviour (not just frustration)

Question 11

Name the 3 researchers involved with the de-individuation explanation of aggression

Answer 11

Zimbardo, Dixon and Rogers

Question 12

Fill in the missing word according to the ethological explanation of aggression. “The main function of aggression is ?”

Answer 12

Adaptive

Question 13

When Lorenz studied same-species fights in the ethological explanation of aggression, what was he studying?

Answer 13

Ritualistic aggression

Question 14

Name the display shown when the winner and loser are accepting of their position in a fight according to the ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 14

Appeasement display

Question 15

Give an example of an appeasement display shown by an animal in the ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 15

Wolf - shows vein in neck which holds a major artery

Question 16

Define an IRM in the ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 16

Innate releasing mechanism

Question 17

Define an FAP in the ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 17

Fixed action pattern

Question 18

What happens when an IRM is stimulated by a perceived threat in the ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 18

An FAP is released

Question 19

How many main features does a Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) have according to the ethological explanation of aggression?

Answer 19

6

Question 20

Name the 6 main features of an FAP according to the ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 20

Stereotyped, universal, unaffected by learning, ballistic, single-purpose, response to a stimulus

Question 21

Name the researcher/ research into IRMs and FAPs in the ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 21

Tinbergen - sticklebacks (red spots)

Question 22

Name the researcher/ research who opposed the idea of ritualistic aggression in the ethological explanation of aggression

Answer 22

Goodall - chimpanzees slaughtering each other

Question 23

What are the 3 main ideas that the evolutionary explanation of aggression discusses?

Answer 23

Sexual jealousy, mate retention, evolutionary explanation of bullying

Question 24

The evolutionary explanation of aggression suggests that sexual jealousy is a major factor in male aggressive behaviour, why?

Answer 24

Men can suffer paternity uncertainty / fear of cuckoldry

Question 25

What are the 6 conditions of de-individuation that affect aggression in the de-individuation explanation?

Answer 25

Masks, disguise, darkness, drugs, alcohol, uniform

Question 26

What does Dixon suggest about anonymity in the de-individuation explanation of aggression

Answer 26

The bigger the crowd, the more anonymous we are

Question 27

What does Dollard suggest happens if you don’t direct aggression onto the source of frustration in the frustration-aggression hypothesis of aggression?

Answer 27

It is displaced onto an alternative

Question 28

Name the researcher/ research into de-individuation in the de-individuation hypothesis

Answer 28

Dodd - “if you could do anything… what would you do?”

Question 29

Why does Campbell suggest women with children are less likely to be aggressive in the evolutionary explanation of aggression?

Answer 29

Aggression puts her and her children at risk

Question 30

Name the researcher who studied inter-partner violence (IPV) in heterosexual couples in the evolutionary explanation of aggression

Answer 30

Shackleford

Question 31

Name the phrase given to males who are being cheated on in the sexual jealousy explanation in the evolutionary explanation of aggression

Answer 31

Of cuckoldry

Question 32

Name the 2 researchers who studied mate retention strategies

Answer 32

Wilson and Daly

Question 33

Name the 2 mate retention strategies that Wilson and Daly suggest in the evolutionary explanation of aggression

Answer 33

Direct guarding, negative inducements

Question 34

Define the mate retention strategy ‘direct guarding’ in the evolutionary explanation of aggression

Answer 34

Male vigilance over a partner’s behaviour

Question 35

Define the mate retention strategy ‘negative inducements’ in the evolutionary explanation of aggression

Answer 35

Issuing threats eg “I’ll kill my self if you leave me”