Relationships Flashcards
Shaver’s 3 system model
essay
Attachment, caregiving, sexuality
Childhood and adolescence
Minesota longitudinal
Pps followed from infant to 16, assessed by peers and teachers. Secure attached: more popular/confident, insecure attached: less popular/confident (Childhood and adolescence)
Hazan + Shaver
‘Love quiz’ in newspaper. secure attached: married. insecure attached: divorced, didn’t believe in true love (Childhood and adolescence)
Simpson
78pps, longitudinal. secure attached: closer friendships, romantic adult rels, more emotional attachment to partners. (Childhood and adolescence)
Madsen
Adolescents: High amounts of dating: worse quality of adult rels (poss. crime). Less dating: better quality adult rels. (Childhood and adolescence)
Moore + Leung
anglo-australians: 61% in rom rels
chinese-australians: 38% in rom rels (despite greater emphasis on importance of family in chinese culture)
Qureshi
3 types arranged marriage: planned (all parents), chaperoned interaction (parents accompany on dates), joint venture (half and half)
Gupta + Singh
50 arr marriages: love/liking increased over time. 50 non-arr marriages: love/liking decreased over time
Zaidi
2nd gen pakistani women in Canada preferred western approach to rels (whilst knowing fathers disapprove)
Two anthropologists
165/166 hunter-gatherer societies showed evidence of rom love … rom love=universal
Pinker
being in love: lower mortality rates and illness/stress … Adaptive response
Srinisvasulu
Indian females: happy with arr and non-arr marriages so long as parents agreed.
Batabyal
young people are ‘blinded by love/physical attraction’ - reason for arr marriages
Cate
322pps, questionnaires, reward satisfaction was main factor in rels (formation)
May + Hamilton
‘pleasant’ music: pics of males rated better looking. ‘unpleasant’ music: lower ratings. -ve subjective (formation: R/NsatTheory)
Hayes
student friendships: rewarding other person just as important as being rewarded (formation: R/NsatTheory)
Walster
750pps, dance, thought they were matched, actually not, questionnaires: everyone liked the hot people regardless of their pairing (formation: M hyp)
Murstein + Silverman
partners have similar levels of social desirability, more so in long-term rels. +ve inter-rater reliability (formation: M hyp)
Thibaut + Kelley’s comparison levels
sampling, bargaining, commitment, institutionalisation (maintenance)
Clark + Mills
exchange couple: rel=series of social exchanges
communal couple: rewarding other person=more important than receiving rewards (maintenance)
Rusbult’s investment model (maintenance)
satisfaction, quality of alternatives, investment
Rusbult (students)
results supported all 3 parts of investment model (maintenance)
Le + Agnew (meta-analysis)
52 studies, 11,000pps, investment=important (heterosexuals), Quality of alts=important (lesbians) (maintenance)
Rusbult + Martz
battered women stay coz high investment, low quality of alts (maintenance)
Rollie + Duck’s breakdown model
Breakdown, intrapsychic processes, dyadic processes, social processes, grave dressing, resurrection
Evolutionary reasons for breakdown
women will suffer more, men will cheat, men will increase commitment to obviate breakdown, minimise reputational damage
Buss (Jealousy)
men: higher galvanic skin response to sexual betrayal. women: higher response to emotional betrayal
Anderson
men are equally likely to pay for their biological/step-son’s college fees (parental investment)
Geher
Undergrads: parental investment perception scale, no gender diffs in answers. presented scenarios of costly parenting: men: higher ANS arousal (parental investment)
Kassin
Men: lack of sex
Women: stress
Argyle
Men: lack of fun
Women: lack of emotional support
Akert
Dumpee = worse off
Tashiro + Frazier
Students felt emotional growth after breakup (resurrection)
Buss (37 cultures)
hourglass figure, younger, resources
Penton Voak
facial prefs: feminine when not ovulating, masculine when ovulating
Miller
Strippers earn more when ovulating compared to when not and those on the pill
Hasselton
women wear red/low cut tops when ovulating
Roberts
Women smell nicer when ovulating
Clark + Hatfield
will you sleep with me tonight? all men “yes” all women “no”
Buss + Schmitt
men find women less attractive just after casual sex