Aggression

Question 1

Diener (4 factors)

Answer 1

strong feelings of group membership, high levels of arousal, focus on external events, sense of anonymity - reduced self-awareness - deindividuation

Question 2

Zimbardo (shocks)

Answer 2

faces covered: shock everyone

name badges: shock obnoxious interviewee more and less overall

Question 3

Malmuth + Check

Answer 3

1/3 of pps said they would rape someone if nobody ever found out

Question 4

Mullen

Answer 4

newspaper cuttings: +size of crowd, +violence of lynchings

Question 5

Mann

Answer 5

Newspaper cuttings: +darkness, +distance from victim, +size of crowd - +baiting/encouragement to jump

Question 6

Watson

Answer 6

12/13 violent societies changed appearance during killings

7/10 less brutal societies didn’t change appearance.

Question 7

4 factors - agg. (SLT)

Answer 7

prev experience of agg, prev success of agg, current likelihood punished/rewarded, environmental factors

Question 8

Bandura

Answer 8

pps watch agg model/non-agg model with Bobo; isolated and forbidden to touch toys; into room with Bobo. observe agg model: copy agg 1/3 exactly (“sock him in the nose!”)

Question 9

Bandura (TV)

Answer 9

pps watch adult agg - Bobo on TV; rewarded - copy agg, neither R nor P - slightly less agg, punished - least agg

Question 10

!Kung San

Answer 10

no agg role models - no agg in culture. children isolated if agg (supports SLT)

Question 11

Phillips

Answer 11

Homicide rates increased after US nationally televised boxing matches - SLT in adults

Question 12

Irwin + Cressey

Answer 12

3 types of prisoner sub-culture: theif, convict, conventional

Question 13

Sykes - 5 prisoner deprivations

Answer 13

Liberty, autonomy, goods + services, heterosexual relationships, security

Question 14

Neural/hormonal (agg) 4 AO1 sections

Answer 14

testosterone, cortisol, serotonin, dopamine

Question 15

Mann (neural/hormonal)

Answer 15

35 male pps take weight loss drug that lowers serotonin. reported increased hostility/agg

Question 16

Badaway

Answer 16

Alcohol lowers serotonin levels, explains common drunken agg (neural/hormonal)

Question 17

Ferrari

Answer 17

rats fight at the same time for ten days, 11th day no fight. +dopamine, -serotonin levels just in anticipation of fight (neural/hormonal)

Question 18

Coupis

Answer 18

Individuals intentionally seek out aggression for the dopamine rush (neural/hormonal)

Question 19

McGuffin + Gottesman

Answer 19

higher concordance rate for anti-social behaviour in MZ twins than in DZ twins (nature), but still high in both (nurture) (genetics)

Question 20

Mason + Frick

Answer 20

meta-analysis of 4000 MZ/DZ twin pairs. agg = 50%genes 50%environment (genetics)

Question 21

Cocarro

Answer 21

182MZs 182DZs, agg = 40%genes 60%environment. (strong link between genes and verbal agg) (genetics)

Question 22

Miles + Carey

Answer 22

meta-analysis of 24 twin/adoption studies. genes/environment = 50:50 (genetics)

Question 23

The danish study

Answer 23

14,000pps - largest adoption study. correlation between biological fathers and criminal convictions among their sons (genetics)

Question 24

Brunner

Answer 24

Dutch family: males=agg. run over boss, rape sister… MAOA (warrior) gene present in all of them and excess NTs in urine (genetics)