Phobias AO2

Question 1

Noyes

Answer 1

agoraphobia high in 1st degree relatives

Question 2

Fyer

Answer 2

50pps, 31& 1st degree relatives also had specific phobia (-ve only 2 had the same one)

Question 3

Torgersen

Answer 3

MZ: 31% concordance for panic disorder (DZ: 0%)

Question 4

Kendler (biological explanations)

Answer 4

DZ higher concordance than MZ

Question 5

Frederickson + Furmack

Answer 5

+blood flow in amygdala when presented with phobia

Question 6

Kahn

Answer 6

BZ more effective than placebo

Question 7

Hidalgo

Answer 7

BZ more effective than anti-depressants

Question 8

Liebowitz (Anti-anxiety)

Answer 8

BBs more effective than BZs in reducing anxiety

Question 9

Liebowitz (Anti-depressants)

Answer 9

MOAIs more effective than BBs in reducing anxiety

Question 10

Katzelnick

Answer 10

SSRIs more effective than placebo in reducing anxiety

Question 11

Ruck

Answer 11

psychourgery: 26 patients significant reduction in anxiety but 7 attempted suicides and 2 suffered epileptic fits

Question 12

7 diagnostic criteria for specific phobias

Answer 12

Marked, persistent, excessive, unreasonable
Exposure: immediate anxiety
Recognition of irrationality
Avoidance
Daily life
Children
No other disorder

Question 13

Whiting (psychodynamic explanations)

Answer 13

phobias more common in cultures with strict, structured child rearing.

Question 14

Bandura

Answer 14

pps observe actor ‘in pain’ when buxom sounds and acquire the fear response

Question 15

Sue

Answer 15

Agoraphobics: most likely caused by single incident, Specific: SLT

Question 16

Curtis

Answer 16

10/12 pps successfully cured from phobia via flooding (-ve: one took 7 hours)

Question 17

Skyre

Answer 17

SCDI-1: 3 clinicians had inter-rater agreement of +0.72

Question 18

Hiller

Answer 18

MDC had just as good test-retest reliability as SCDI-1

Question 19

Kendler (classification + Diagnosis)

Answer 19

face-to-face/telephone interviews, test-retest agreement after 1 month = +0.46, after 8 years: +0.3 (blamed poor recall and the subjectivity of whether or not patients fulfilled criteria for phobic)

Question 20

Mattock + Clark

Answer 20

Their social phobia scale correlated @around +.60 with previously validates scales.

Question 21

Eyesneck

Answer 21

66% of patients with one anxiety disorder had another

Question 22

Koro

Answer 22

Chinese fear of penis retraction so prevalent, considered normal and not diagnosed as a phobia