Relationships Flashcards

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1
Q

Study into the difference in sexual selection between genders

A

Clark and Hatfield
Approached people and asked three questions
Women - 50% date, 6% apartment, 0% sex
Men- 50% date, 69% apartment, 75% sex

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2
Q

Three studies into physical attractiveness

A

Shackleford and Larsen
- People rated symmetrical faces more attractive

Bowlby
- Neotenous features are more attractive

Dion et al
- Found the halo effect is real

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3
Q

Self disclosure evaluation

A

Laurenceau
Used a method that involved daily diary entries.
Correlations between self-disclosure and higher levels of intimacy in long term married couples

Tang et al
Americans disclose more in relationships than Chinese people

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4
Q

Filter theory main study

A

Kerckhoff and Davis
- Studied 94 students in relationships > and < than 18 months with questionnaires
- 7 months later asked how close they felt compared to the beginning of the study
- Attitude similarity most important for <18 months
- Long term couples valued complimentary the most

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5
Q

What are the filters in filter theory

A

Filter 1
Age, social background, geographical location

Filter 2
Similarity in attitudes

Filter 3
Complementarity of needs

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6
Q

Filter theory apartments study

A

Festinger et al
- Looked at friendships in a block of apartments for married students
- Students were 10x more likely to become friends with people who lived in their own building

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7
Q

Research support for Social exchange theory

A

Rusbult
- Longitudinal study of 17 males and females in relationships
- Costs benefit analysis isn’t so important at the beginning of a relationship but becomes more important as the relationship develops

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8
Q

Evidence against Social Exchange theory

A

Argyle
We only measure the costs and rewards of a relationship when we are already dissatisfied with the current relationship

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9
Q

What are the stages of relationship development

A
  1. Sampling - weight up rewards/costs and compare to previous relationships
  2. Bargaining - give and receive rewards to see if the relationship is worth it
  3. Commitment - the relationship becomes more predictable so it’s easier to elicit rewards from one another
  4. Institutionalisation- relationship norms are developed which establishes patterns of rewards and costs
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10
Q

Research support for equity theory

A

Utne
- Surveyed 188 recently married couples that have been together for at least 2 years
- Couples who considered their relationship equitable were more satisfied than those who were over/under benefiting

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11
Q

Investment model AO3
Two studies

A

Le and Agner
- Meta analysis
- Satisfaction, comparison, and investment all predicted commitment, committed couples lasted the longest
- Same cross culturally and homo and hetero relationships

Rusbult and Martz
- Applied IM to abusive relationships
- Asked woment in shelters why they didn’t leave immediately
- Women said it was because they didn’t have economic alternatives and their investment was high

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12
Q

Outline Ducks phase model of relationship breakdown

A
  1. Intra psychic - Admit to yourself you’re disatisfied
  2. Dyadic - Person confronts partner
  3. Social - Involve friends/relatives
  4. Grave dressing
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13
Q

Hyperpersonal model

A

Joseph Walther
- Self disclosure happens earlier online than in person and relationships can end faster because it’s difficult to sustain the same level of intense self disclosure long term
- May feel more intimate because it’s easier to manipulate your image

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14
Q

Reduced Cues Theory

A

Sproull and Kiesler
- Virtual are less open and honest because of the lack of social cues which leads to deidividuation

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15
Q

Absence of Gating

A

McKenna and Bargh
- Looked at online communication between shy, lonely and socially anxious people
- Found that they could express their true selves better than face to face

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16
Q

Levels of parasocial relationships

A

Entertainment social
Intense personal
Borderline pathological

17
Q

Absorption addiction model

A
  • PSR forms due to deficiencies irl
  • Form of escapism
  • Absorption - become preoccupied with celeb
  • Addiction - need to sustain commitment