Relationships

Question 1

describe the reduced cues thoery

Answer 1

sproull: v-r.ships are less effective then FtF ones, they lack cues that we are dependent on for interaction e.g non verbal ones like facial expressions/emotional state. this leads to de-individuation(reducing sense of identity) encouraging disinhibition, therefore the communication is blunt and aggressive+intern reluctant to SD to sm1 inpersonal

Question 2

define virtual relationships

Answer 2

electronic communication methods where r.ships can be formed and maintained

Question 3

what are the two theories that explain SD in virtual r.ships?

Answer 3

reduced cues theory
hyperpersonal model

Question 4

describe the hyperpersonal model

Answer 4

• v.r.ships=more personal+greater SD
• develop quicker+end quicker
• reason: ‘selective self-presentation’- messenger has more time to mainpulate their online image and has more control of what to SD, so SD is manipulated to incr intimacy-‘pos+ idolised’
• ‘anonymity’ when ppl do not know your identity=less accountable 4 ur behav+say, so disclose more 2 strangers.

Question 5

what is a gate in v.ships?

Answer 5

any obstacle to the formation of r.ships e.g unattractiveness, stammer

Question 6

eval 4 v.r.ships: r.ships=multimodal

Answer 6

theories dont consider that CMC r.ships can be conducted online+offline. not straightforward either/or. waht we choose to disclose online=dependent on offline interaction vice versa

Question 7

eval for v.r.ships= support 4 absence of gating

Answer 7

mckenna looked into CMC of lonely+anxious ppl. found: able to express true self more then FTF. of romantci rships formed online 70% lasted 2yrs+ then offline world

Question 8

what is anisogamy?

Answer 8

differences between male+female sex cells(gametes)

Question 9

what are the differences btwn ova+sperm?

Answer 9

sperm
- highly mobile+small
- created continuously in vast no.
-do not require great energy 4 production
ova
- relatively large+static
-produced at intervals for a limited no.
-huge of investment of energy required

Question 10

what is sexual selection?

Answer 10

evolutionary explanation of partner preference. evolution favours certain traits that are attractive to the opposite sex. these traits=more likely to attract a mate+reproduce=exagerrated through genes of offspring

Question 11

what is inter sexual selection?

Answer 11

females-prefer quality over quantity, greater investment of time, resourcescommitment. both sexes= choosy +lose out if invest in unift mate. females=more bc higher consequence.lose resources etc males ocmpete fro fertile fem. includ. ‘sexy son hypothesis’

Question 12

what is intra-sexual selection?

Answer 12

• males prefer
• competition between males to mate with a female
  – leads to dimorphism

Question 13

what is dimorphism?

Answer 13

diferences between males+females. e.g larger males have an advantage+more likely to mate, females do not compete for reproductive rights so there is not evolutionary favours 4 women

Question 14

support for inter-sexual selection

Answer 14

Choosiness=reality, male+female psych students sent across campus, asking ‘would you go to bed with me tonight?’ 0% fem agreed, 75%males did. Supports theory-choosiness+males have adifferent strategy 4 reproductive success

Question 15

eval for sexual selection: ignores social=cultural

Answer 15

sexual selection has been influenced by social norms of sexual behave. these develop quicker then the evolutionary timescale+couldve came ab due to cultural factors e.g contraception. Womens greater role in workplace they=not dependent on men to provide 4 them, the SC =consequences for womens mate preferences-may not be resource-orietnated. TF mate preferences=cultural+evolutionary=limited explanation

Question 16

eval for sexual selection: R/S for preferences related to anisogamy

Answer 16

survey of 10,000 adults, 33 countries. Asked ab age+evolutionary attributes suggested to be important in partner preference. Females=resource-related characteristics then men. Males=reproductive capacity+preferred younger. Support predictions+universal across cultures

Question 17

what are the 3 features of PA?

Answer 17

-symmetrical faces
-the halo effect
-matching hypothesis

Question 18

whats the symmetical faces theory?

Answer 18

ppl w/ these=more attractive~honest sign of genetic fitness+neotenous features(baby features)

Question 19

define halo effect

Answer 19

how 1 distinguishing feture has a disproportionate impact on our judgement of their other attributes