Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Relationships > Flashcards

Relationships Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Sexuel selection:

A
  • These are competitions for mates between individuals of the same sex, effects the evolution of certain traits.
  • If a characteristic increases the individuals chance of reproduction, this characteristic will be adaptive because that animal will have more offspring.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Intra sexual selection, mate competition:

A
  • Members of one sex (usual male) will compete with each other fro females.
  • Winners get to mate - losers genes aren’t passed on.
  • Traits leading to success are passed on.
  • According to Trivers (1972), when one sex (f) invests considerably more than the other (m), members of the latter (m) will compete among themselves to mate with members of the former (f). This is due to women’s reproductive resources being more precious: limited offspring + amount of time.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anisogamy:

A
  • Refers to the differences between males and females having different sex/reproductive cells. Due to this, there is a difference in the level of investment in reproduction.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intersexual selection, mate choice:

A
  • The presence of one sex (usually females) for members of the opposite sex who possess certain qualities.
  • Runaway Process: overtime we see an increase in a certain gene.
  • Biological Market Place explanation: genes that show attractive features are more ‘saleable’.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Evolutionary explanation of relationships, Clark and Hatfield:

A

When male and female university students were propositioned by an opposite-sex stranger on campus, 75% of males agreed to the request to spend the night together, whereas no females did, supporting evolutionary explanation of relationships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Evolutionary explanation of relationships, Waynforth and Dunbar:

A
  • Studied lonely hearts advertisement in the US.
  • Women generally put more physical descriptions, whilst men offered resources (fit/mature/successful).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Evolutionary explanation of relationships, evaluation:

A
  • Looks from a Western POV
  • Can’t apply to non heterosexual couples
  • Not as relevant in todays society
  • Reductionist and biologically deterministic
    + Consistent with anisogamy: difference in male and female sex cells
    + Buss (1989) study of 37 sample of people from around the world supports sexuel selection.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Overview of self-discoloure:

A
  • Relationship formation is built on trust with another person.
  • You don’t tell a stranger personal things, only once you’ve gotten to know them.
  • ‘Onion metaphor’ used.
  • People share a lot, but there are ‘off limits’ topics.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Self disclosure, Reis and Shaver (1988):

A
  • For a relationship to develop, there has to be a balance of self disco life between partners.
  • Instead of one sharing and one listening, there needs to be an even exchange in return so to lead to greater intimacy and deeper understanding.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Self disclosure, Sprecher et al, aim:

A
  • To investigate the role of reciprocal self-disclosure in relationships.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Self disclosure, Sprecher et al, method:

A
  • 156 American US students, f-f and f-m over Skype
  • C1: self disclosure is reciprocated
  • C2: self disclosure isn’t reciprocated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Self disclosure, Sprecher et al, results:

A

C1 p’s reported a greater liking, closeness, similarity and enjouement to one another compared to C2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Self disclosure, Sprecher et al, conclusion:

A
  • Reciprocity of self disclosure has positive outcomes for romantic relationships.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Self disclosure, Hass and Stafford (1998):

A
  • 57% of gay men and women said that open and honest self discourse was the main way they maintained and deepened their committed relationships.
  • Self disclosure research allows for individuals to improve their own personal relationships - real life application.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Filter theory, 3 factors:

A
  • Social demographics
  • Similarity in attitudes
  • Complementarity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Filter theory, Kerchoff and Davis:

A
  • Compared attitudes and personalities of student couples in ST(less than 18 months) and LT relationships.
  • Devised the theory to explain how these relationships form.
17
Q

Filter theory, level 1:

A
  • Refers to factors that influence the chance of potential partners meeting each other.
  • More likely to meet people we see fit as partners that are within close probity to us.
  • Even though there is a vast range of partners, the choice of partners is much narrower due to our social circumstances.
  • Homogamy: you’re more likely to form a relationship with someone who is culturally or socially similar.
18
Q

Filter theory, level 2:

A
  • Applied once the pool of partners has been narrowed by L1.
  • Individuals will look for partners with similar psychological factors and shared beliefs - ‘fields of desirables’.
  • Important factors in ST relationships.
19
Q

Filter theory, level 3:

A
  • Concerns the ability of partners to meet each others needs.
  • Partners will compliment one another to when they have traits that their significant of their lacks.
  • More important in LT relationships
  • At later stage in relationship, opposites attract,
20
Q

Evaluation of filter theory:

A
  • Has face validity as it assumes that key factors in a relationship change over time. Agrees with most individuals experienced of relationships.
  • Winch (1958) showed evidence that similarities of personality/interests/attitudes are typical in early stages of relationships; which agreed with the MH. Complementarity of needs was more important than similarity in partners happily married for several years.
  • Lacks temporal validity as social demography doesn’t apply as much in 2024 the it did in 1962, especially with proximity. There is improvement n transport and technology, so distance doesn’t play such a role.
  • Lacks supporting evidence, many studies failed to replicate the original findings.
  • Theory based on university students, not representative of real life.
  • David and Rusbult (2001), attitude and alignment. Romantic partners bring their attitudes in line with one another.
21
Q

Factors affecting relationships: physical attractiveness, halo effect:

A
  • Palmer and Peterson (2012) asked p’s to rate attractive and unattractive people in terms of how politically competent and knowledgeable they believed them to be. Attractive people consistently rated higher.
  • Dion et al (1972): attractive people are consistently rated as successful, kind and sociable compared towards more attractive

Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions