Relationship Of Nutrition In Health

Question 1

What is Nutrition?

Answer 1

The result of the processes whereby the body takes in food for growth, development and maintenance of health

Question 2

Processes of Nutrition (3)

Answer 2

Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism

Question 3

Nutritional status

Answer 3

One’s physical condition as determined by diet

Question 4

Nutrients

Answer 4

Chemical substances necessary for life which function to

1) provide energy
2) build and repair tissue
3) regulate body processes

Question 5

Six classes of nutrients

Answer 5

Carbohydrates 
Fats
Proteins 
Vitamins 
Minerals 
Water

Question 6

Organic nutrients

Answer 6

Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Example: carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Question 7

Inorganic nutrients

Answer 7

In simplest form

Example: water, minerals

Question 8

Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Provides major source of energy

Examples: cereal grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and sugar

Question 9

Fats

Answer 9

Provides energy
Highest milocalorie value
Examples: meats, milk, cream, butter, cheese, oils, egg yolks, nuts

Question 10

Protein

Answer 10

Builds and repairs body tissue
Provides energy
Only nutrient that contains nitrogen
Examples: meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, corn, grains, nuts

Question 11

Vitamins

Answer 11

Regulate body processes

Examples: A, B, C, D, E and K

Question 12

Minerals

Answer 12

Regulate body processes

Examples: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, iron, magnesium, zinc

Question 13

Water

Answer 13

Major constituent of all living cells
Regulate body processes
Composed of hydrogen and oxygen

Question 14

Essential Nutrients

Answer 14

Must be consumed from food

Cannot be made in the body in sufficient quantities to meet its needs and support health

Question 15

Nonessential nutrients

Answer 15

Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body to meet the body’s requirements and to support health

Question 16

Good nutrition

Answer 16

Reduces the risk of the leading causes of death
Helps prevent harmful and disease conditions
Reduces risk of developing obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure

Question 17

Characteristics of good nutrition

Answer 17

Alert expression 
Shiny hair
Clear complexion
Good color 
Bright, clear eyes
Pink, firm guns and well developed teeth 
Firm abdomen
Firm, well developed muscles 
Normal weight for height 
Health appetite

Question 18

Characteristics of bad nutrition

Answer 18

Apathetic expression 
Dull, lifeless hair 
Greasy, blemished complexion 
Dull, red rimmed eyes 
Swollen abdomen 
Red, puffy receding gums, and cavity prone teeth 
Over or underweight 
Excessive or poor appetite 
Slumped posture 
Easily fatigued

Question 19

What is Malnutrition

Answer 19

• Overnutrition
Excess energy or nutrient intake
• Undernutrition
Deficient energy or nutrient

Question 20

Those vulnerable to malnutrition

Answer 20

Young children 
Pregnant or breastfeeding women 
Elderly 
Immunocompromised people
Malnourished people
Ill people

Question 21

Iron deficiency

Answer 21

Iron

Question 22

Beriberi

Answer 22

Thiamin

Question 23

Night blindness

Answer 23

Vitamin A

Question 24

Goiter

Answer 24

Iodine

Question 25

Kwashiorkor

Answer 25

Protein

Question 26

Maramus

Answer 26

All nutrients

Question 27

Osteomalacia

Answer 27

Calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride

Question 28

Osteoporosis

Answer 28

Calcium and vitamin D

Question 29

Pellagra

Answer 29

Niacin

Question 30

Rickets

Answer 30

Calcium & Vitamin D

Question 31

Scurvy

Answer 31

Vitamin C

Question 32

Xerophthalmia (blindness)

Answer 32

Vitamin A

Question 33

Nutritional assessment

Answer 33

``` ABCD Anthropometric measurements Biochemical tests Clinical examination Dietary/social history ```

Question 34

Anthropometric measurements

Answer 34

``` Height Weight Skin fold Head circumference Upper arm measurement ```

Question 35

Clinical signs: | pallor, blue half circles beneath eyes

Answer 35

Iron, copper, zinc, B12, B6, biotin

Question 36

Clinical signs: | Bumpy "gooseflesh"

Answer 36

Protein

Question 37

Clinical signs: | Lesions at corner of mouth

Answer 37

Riboflavin

Question 38

Clinical signs: | Glossitis

Answer 38

Folic acid

Question 39

Clinical signs: | Black and blue spots and tiny red hemorrhages under skin

Answer 39

Vitamin C

Question 40

Clinical signs: | Emaciation

Answer 40

Carbohydrates, proteins

Question 41

Clinical signs: | Poorly shaped bones or teeth or delayed appearance if teeth in children

Answer 41

Vitamin C

Question 42

Clinical signs: | Slow clotting time of blood

Answer 42

Vitamin K

Question 43

Clinical signs: | Unusual nervous, dermatitis, diarrhea

Answer 43

Niacin

Question 44

Clinical signs: | Tetany

Answer 44

Calcium, potassium, sodium

Question 45

Clinical signs: | Eczema

Answer 45

Fat

Question 46

Biochemical tests

Answer 46

``` Serum albumin level Serum transferrin level Blood urea Nitrogen Serum creatinine Creatinine excretion ```

Question 47

Serum albumin level

Answer 47

Measures protein in blood | Determines protein status

Question 48

Serum transferrin level

Answer 48

Indicates iron-carrying protein in blood Elevated = iron stores low Low = body lacks protein

Question 49

Blood urea nitrogen

Answer 49

May indicate renal failure, insufficient renal blood supply or blockage of the urinary tract

Question 50

Serum creatinine

Answer 50

Indicates amount of creatinine in blood | Used to evaluate renal function

Question 51

Creatinine excretion

Answer 51

Indicates amount of creatinine excreted in urine over a 24 hour period Used in estimating body muscle mass Muscle mass depleted, as in malnutrition; level will be low

Question 52

Dietary/Social history

Answer 52

24 hour recall Food diary Computer diet analysis to determine nutrition deficiencies or toxicities

Question 53

Social history

Answer 53

Consideration of financial resources to obtain needed food, and properly store and cook food Food-drug interactions that can lead to malnutrition