Relationship Of Nutrition In Health Flashcards
What is Nutrition?
The result of the processes whereby the body takes in food for growth, development and maintenance of health
Processes of Nutrition (3)
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism
Nutritional status
One’s physical condition as determined by diet
Nutrients
Chemical substances necessary for life which function to
1) provide energy
2) build and repair tissue
3) regulate body processes
Six classes of nutrients
Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water
Organic nutrients
Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Example: carbohydrates, fats, proteins
Inorganic nutrients
In simplest form
Example: water, minerals
Carbohydrates
Provides major source of energy
Examples: cereal grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and sugar
Fats
Provides energy
Highest milocalorie value
Examples: meats, milk, cream, butter, cheese, oils, egg yolks, nuts
Protein
Builds and repairs body tissue
Provides energy
Only nutrient that contains nitrogen
Examples: meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, corn, grains, nuts
Vitamins
Regulate body processes
Examples: A, B, C, D, E and K
Minerals
Regulate body processes
Examples: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, iron, magnesium, zinc
Water
Major constituent of all living cells
Regulate body processes
Composed of hydrogen and oxygen
Essential Nutrients
Must be consumed from food
Cannot be made in the body in sufficient quantities to meet its needs and support health
Nonessential nutrients
Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body to meet the body’s requirements and to support health
Good nutrition
Reduces the risk of the leading causes of death
Helps prevent harmful and disease conditions
Reduces risk of developing obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure
Characteristics of good nutrition
Alert expression Shiny hair Clear complexion Good color Bright, clear eyes Pink, firm guns and well developed teeth Firm abdomen Firm, well developed muscles Normal weight for height Health appetite
Characteristics of bad nutrition
Apathetic expression Dull, lifeless hair Greasy, blemished complexion Dull, red rimmed eyes Swollen abdomen Red, puffy receding gums, and cavity prone teeth Over or underweight Excessive or poor appetite Slumped posture Easily fatigued
What is Malnutrition
• Overnutrition
Excess energy or nutrient intake
• Undernutrition
Deficient energy or nutrient
Those vulnerable to malnutrition
Young children Pregnant or breastfeeding women Elderly Immunocompromised people Malnourished people Ill people
Iron deficiency
Iron
Beriberi
Thiamin
Night blindness
Vitamin A
Goiter
Iodine
Kwashiorkor
Protein
Maramus
All nutrients
Osteomalacia
Calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride
Osteoporosis
Calcium and vitamin D
Pellagra
Niacin
Rickets
Calcium & Vitamin D
Scurvy
Vitamin C
Xerophthalmia (blindness)
Vitamin A
Nutritional assessment
ABCD Anthropometric measurements Biochemical tests Clinical examination Dietary/social history
Anthropometric measurements
Height Weight Skin fold Head circumference Upper arm measurement
Clinical signs:
pallor, blue half circles beneath eyes
Iron, copper, zinc, B12, B6, biotin
Clinical signs:
Bumpy “gooseflesh”
Protein
Clinical signs:
Lesions at corner of mouth
Riboflavin
Clinical signs:
Glossitis
Folic acid
Clinical signs:
Black and blue spots and tiny red hemorrhages under skin
Vitamin C
Clinical signs:
Emaciation
Carbohydrates, proteins
Clinical signs:
Poorly shaped bones or teeth or delayed appearance if teeth in children
Vitamin C
Clinical signs:
Slow clotting time of blood
Vitamin K
Clinical signs:
Unusual nervous, dermatitis, diarrhea
Niacin
Clinical signs:
Tetany
Calcium, potassium, sodium
Clinical signs:
Eczema
Fat
Biochemical tests
Serum albumin level Serum transferrin level Blood urea Nitrogen Serum creatinine Creatinine excretion
Serum albumin level
Measures protein in blood
Determines protein status
Serum transferrin level
Indicates iron-carrying protein in blood
Elevated = iron stores low
Low = body lacks protein
Blood urea nitrogen
May indicate renal failure, insufficient renal blood supply or blockage of the urinary tract
Serum creatinine
Indicates amount of creatinine in blood
Used to evaluate renal function
Creatinine excretion
Indicates amount of creatinine excreted in urine over a 24 hour period
Used in estimating body muscle mass
Muscle mass depleted, as in malnutrition; level will be low
Dietary/Social history
24 hour recall
Food diary
Computer diet analysis to determine nutrition deficiencies or toxicities
Social history
Consideration of financial resources to obtain needed food, and properly store and cook food
Food-drug interactions that can lead to malnutrition
