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Nutrition & Diet Therapy > Relationship Of Nutrition In Health > Flashcards

Relationship Of Nutrition In Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is Nutrition?

A

The result of the processes whereby the body takes in food for growth, development and maintenance of health

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2
Q

Processes of Nutrition (3)

A

Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism

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3
Q

Nutritional status

A

One’s physical condition as determined by diet

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4
Q

Nutrients

A

Chemical substances necessary for life which function to

1) provide energy
2) build and repair tissue
3) regulate body processes

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5
Q

Six classes of nutrients

A 
Carbohydrates 
Fats
Proteins 
Vitamins 
Minerals 
Water
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6
Q

Organic nutrients

A

Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Example: carbohydrates, fats, proteins

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7
Q

Inorganic nutrients

A

In simplest form

Example: water, minerals

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8
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Provides major source of energy

Examples: cereal grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and sugar

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9
Q

Fats

A

Provides energy
Highest milocalorie value
Examples: meats, milk, cream, butter, cheese, oils, egg yolks, nuts

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10
Q

Protein

A

Builds and repairs body tissue
Provides energy
Only nutrient that contains nitrogen
Examples: meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, corn, grains, nuts

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11
Q

Vitamins

A

Regulate body processes

Examples: A, B, C, D, E and K

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12
Q

Minerals

A

Regulate body processes

Examples: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, iron, magnesium, zinc

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13
Q

Water

A

Major constituent of all living cells
Regulate body processes
Composed of hydrogen and oxygen

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14
Q

Essential Nutrients

A

Must be consumed from food

Cannot be made in the body in sufficient quantities to meet its needs and support health

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15
Q

Nonessential nutrients

A

Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body to meet the body’s requirements and to support health

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16
Q

Good nutrition

A

Reduces the risk of the leading causes of death
Helps prevent harmful and disease conditions
Reduces risk of developing obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure

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17
Q

Characteristics of good nutrition

A 
Alert expression 
Shiny hair
Clear complexion
Good color 
Bright, clear eyes
Pink, firm guns and well developed teeth 
Firm abdomen
Firm, well developed muscles 
Normal weight for height 
Health appetite
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18
Q

Characteristics of bad nutrition

A 
Apathetic expression 
Dull, lifeless hair 
Greasy, blemished complexion 
Dull, red rimmed eyes 
Swollen abdomen 
Red, puffy receding gums, and cavity prone teeth 
Over or underweight 
Excessive or poor appetite 
Slumped posture 
Easily fatigued
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19
Q

What is Malnutrition

A

• Overnutrition
Excess energy or nutrient intake
• Undernutrition
Deficient energy or nutrient

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20
Q

Those vulnerable to malnutrition

A 
Young children 
Pregnant or breastfeeding women 
Elderly 
Immunocompromised people
Malnourished people
Ill people
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21
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Iron

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22
Q

Beriberi

A

Thiamin

23
Q

Night blindness

A

Vitamin A

24
Q

Goiter

A

Iodine

25
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Protein

26
Q

Maramus

A

All nutrients

27
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride

28
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium and vitamin D

29
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin

30
Q

Rickets

A

Calcium & Vitamin D

31
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C

32
Q

Xerophthalmia (blindness)

A

Vitamin A

33
Q

Nutritional assessment

A 
ABCD
Anthropometric measurements 
Biochemical tests 
Clinical examination 
Dietary/social history
34
Q

Anthropometric measurements

A 
Height
Weight
Skin fold
Head circumference 
Upper arm measurement
35
Q

Clinical signs:

pallor, blue half circles beneath eyes

A

Iron, copper, zinc, B12, B6, biotin

36
Q

Clinical signs:

Bumpy “gooseflesh”

A

Protein

37
Q

Clinical signs:

Lesions at corner of mouth

A

Riboflavin

38
Q

Clinical signs:

Glossitis

A

Folic acid

39
Q

Clinical signs:

Black and blue spots and tiny red hemorrhages under skin

A

Vitamin C

40
Q

Clinical signs:

Emaciation

A

Carbohydrates, proteins

41
Q

Clinical signs:

Poorly shaped bones or teeth or delayed appearance if teeth in children

A

Vitamin C

42
Q

Clinical signs:

Slow clotting time of blood

A

Vitamin K

43
Q

Clinical signs:

Unusual nervous, dermatitis, diarrhea

A

Niacin

44
Q

Clinical signs:

Tetany

A

Calcium, potassium, sodium

45
Q

Clinical signs:

Eczema

A

Fat

46
Q

Biochemical tests

A 
Serum albumin level 
Serum transferrin level
Blood urea Nitrogen 
Serum creatinine 
Creatinine excretion
47
Q

Serum albumin level

A

Measures protein in blood

Determines protein status

48
Q

Serum transferrin level

A

Indicates iron-carrying protein in blood
Elevated = iron stores low
Low = body lacks protein

49
Q

Blood urea nitrogen

A

May indicate renal failure, insufficient renal blood supply or blockage of the urinary tract

50
Q

Serum creatinine

A

Indicates amount of creatinine in blood

Used to evaluate renal function

51
Q

Creatinine excretion

A

Indicates amount of creatinine excreted in urine over a 24 hour period
Used in estimating body muscle mass
Muscle mass depleted, as in malnutrition; level will be low

52
Q

Dietary/Social history

A

24 hour recall
Food diary
Computer diet analysis to determine nutrition deficiencies or toxicities

53
Q

Social history

A

Consideration of financial resources to obtain needed food, and properly store and cook food

Food-drug interactions that can lead to malnutrition

Nutrition & Diet Therapy (13 decks)

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