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The Study Of Human Interaction > Relationship Development > Flashcards

Relationship Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are exchange relationships

A

Where people exchange rewards in order to receive benefits in return

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2
Q

What is cost reward ratio

A

Liking for another is determined by calculating what it will cost to be reinforced by other person

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3
Q

What are communal relationships

A

People reward partner out of direct concern to show caring

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4
Q

What is interdependence

A

Situation in which each person’s thoughts emotions and behaviours influence those of other people

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5
Q

What is a close relationship

A

Strong and frequent interdependence in many other domains of life

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6
Q

What is intimacy

A

+ve emotional bond which includes understanding and support

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7
Q

What is commitment

A

Combined forces that hold partners together in enduring relationship

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8
Q

What are attachment styles

A

People’s basic securely attached, avoidant or anxious orientation towards. Others in close relationships

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9
Q

What is social support

A

Emotional and physical coping resources provided by other people

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10
Q

How do we form new relationships

A

Initial feelings of attraction based on physical attractiveness, similarity and interaction

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11
Q

How can physical attractiveness form attraction to liking

A
  • symmetrical faces are a biological basis for attractiveness
  • prototypical faces are more attractive; closer to the mental prototype of a face and therefore more familiar and easier to process
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12
Q

Physical cues that men look for in attraction to liking

A
  • youth and fertility: facial femininity linked to higher oestrogen levels
  • look for features associated with reproductive fertility
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13
Q

Attractive incentives that women look for in men

A
  • women prefer men to be older, look for financial stability, and athletic strong physical appearance and health as unhealthy mate are less likely to provide
  • testosterone suppresses immune system which is not seen as +very as only well adapted males can tolerate high levels of this
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14
Q

What is the matching phenomenon

A
  • where people tend to be attracted to others who are on the same level of attractiveness as themselves
  • matched couples have longer relationships
  • people compensate for their looks in other ways such as humour
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15
Q

Evidence of the matching phenomenon

A

Studies using ‘lonely hearts’ advertisements
- though these give no indication of how successful people are in attracting mate
- show what attractive incentives women and men look for in each other

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16
Q

How can similarity create liking

A
  • we view anything connected to the self as +ve
  • people who are similar tend to attract each other ‘birds of a feather’
  • it signals familiarity which leads to liking through mere exposure effect
    Signals connectedness as those who are similar to us validate our beliefs and attitudes
17
Q

How can interaction increase liking

A
  • we like others who have +very interactions
  • it makes others familiar
  • helps us feel more connected as when people interact they often mimic mannerisms
18
Q

What is the process for mutual reinforcement of liking, similarity, interaction and attractiveness

A
  1. Similarity encourages interaction
  2. More we interact, more similarities we find
  3. More interact, more attractive person is, more we interact with them
  4. Find those who are similar tend to be more physically attractive and so the more we want to be liked by them
  5. Once liking develops it reinforces connections
19
Q

What are the 3 types of interdependence in close relationships

A

Cognitive interdependence, behavioural interdependence and affective interdependence

20
Q

What is cognitive interdependence

A

Where partner knowledge becomes self knowledge so we think about the partners point of view as well as our own

21
Q

What is behavioural interdependence

A

Each person has big influence on partners decisions, activities and plans

22
Q

What is affective interdependence

A
  • intimacy draws people together
  • commitment holds relationship together
23
Q

What are the different attachment styles in close relationships

A
  1. Secure attachement styles : unafraid of intimacy
  2. Preoccupied attachment style: want relationship but worried other does not
  3. Dismissing attachment style: reluctant to get close to others as want to be independent
  4. Fearful attachment style: find it difficult to trust others
24
Q

What a re the similarities in same sex relationships

A
  • satisfaction driven by similar attitudes, values and backgrounds
  • relationships form through proximity and familiarity
  • commitment is strong predictor for success
25
Q

What are the differences in same sex relationships

A
  • more likely to remain friends after relationship break down
  • division of household labour more equitable
  • more likely to originate from existing friendships
26
Q

Psychological factors that influence who we like

A

Need to affiliate, emotions, similarity of others, mutual liking

27
Q

What is the need to affiliate

A

Attraction to others is driven by motive to seek and maintain relationships with others, if affiliation is not satisfied then it can result in -ve consequences such as rejection, sadness and anger

28
Q

What is the social exchange theory

A
  • peoples evaluation of a relationship depends on their perception of the rewards the gain from it, the costs they incur from it, and the relationship they deserve and the likelihood that they could have a better one
29
Q

What is a comparison level and how can relationships depend on this

A

People’s expectations about the costs and rewards based on their previous relationships

30
Q

What is the equity theory

A
  • says most people are satisfied with relationships where the cost-reward ratio is the same for each person
31
Q

What is the reinforcement affect model

A

People can be liked depending on their association with +ve or -ve feelings

32
Q

What are the 6 types of love

A
  1. Eros : passionate love
  2. Ludus: game-playing love
  3. Storge: companionate love
  4. Mania: possessive love
  5. Agape: selfless love
  6. Pragma: logical love
33
Q

What are 3 factors that motivate people to stay in a relationship

A
  1. A persons dedication to a partner
  2. Can be costly to exit the relationship
  3. The longer the relationship is the harder it is to break due to the more ties
34
Q

What is Rusbult’s investment model of commitment

A

People’s commitment and stability of a relationship is determined by perceived costs, rewards and comparison level for alternatives

35
Q

When do relationships end

A
  • when partners have little to no similarities, comparison level for alternatives, amount of time spent together, level of support from partners social network, lack of commitment
36
Q

What is the process of detachment from relationships

A
  • consider pros and cons of staying in relationship
  • 2 parties discuss differences and who is responsible for
  • acknowledgement on relationship ending

The Study Of Human Interaction (7 decks)

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