Perceiving Groups Flashcards
What is a group
Two or more individuals who perceive themselves to be member of the same social category
What are the 4 different types of groups
Intimacy groups
Task groups
Common bond groups
Common identity groups
What are intimacy groups
Groups that are closely tied together
What are task groups
Groups that come together temporarily to achieve a specific goal
What are common bond groups
Members have close personal bonds within the group
What are common identity groups
Members have close personal ties to the group itself
What are the stages of group formation according to tuckman 1965
Forming : acceptance, avoid conflict
Storming: conflict
Norming: listening, support, purpose
Performing: task orientation
Adjourning: group disengages
What are the 5 membership phases in a group
Prospective member: investigation
Marginal member: socialisation
Member: maintenance
Marginal member : re-socialisation
Ex-member: rememberance
What are role transitions in a group
Where your membership to a group ends due to change or development in which re-socialisation is not an option
What are social norms
Uniformities of behaviour and attitudes that determine, organise and differentiate groups from other groups
What are the two types of social norms
Descriptive norms
Injunctive norms
What are descriptive norms
Norms that most people follow whether they are right or wrong
What are injunctive norms
Norms that are perceived as being approved by other people but isn’t something that they will always do
Why do norms work so well within groups
They are enforced : tend to do things because we dont want to be punished for not doing it
People internalise them: think it’ll make them look good in the group
Fixed during socialisation
Act as action heuristics to make life easier
Who is involved in the violation of norms
Deviants (marginal group members)
Imposters
Schism and subgroups
What are deviants
People who deviate to far from the prototypical group members and do not reflect the most important attribute that the group believes one should have
What are imposters
Posing as legitimate group members when they are not
What is schism and subgroups
Schism is when groups break off and smaller groups form
Subgroups are those smaller groups
What can groups do for us
Interdependence: people achieve more than if they were alone
Similarity and support : group together with people who have similar attitudes
Reduces uncertainty in who we are and so helps with our social identity improving self image
Optimal distinctiveness: people like to distinguish themselves from others but need to affiliate with others and being in a group allows both
What are the 3 types of conformity
Compliance
Obedience
Acceptance
What is compliance
Changing behaviour but not beliefs
What is obedience
People doing as they are told by an authority figure
What is acceptance
Changing behaviour and beliefs
Why do people conform
Normative influences: want to be liked/accepted
Informational influences: desire to be correct to look knowledgeable to others
