Relationship between the branches Flashcards
The process of the UK leaving the European Union
Brexit
Act that introduced the Supreme Court
Constitutional Reform Act (2005)
Internal free trade agreement between member states.
Customs Union
Judgment by the supreme court that indicates legislation does not fit with the Human Rights Act
Declaration of incompatibility
A government that dominates Parliament, usually due to a large majority, and therefore has few limits on its power.
Elective dictatorship
International court established by the which rules on individual or State applications alleging violations of the civil and political rights set out in the ECHR. Separate to the EU.
European Court of Human Rights
Judicial branch of EU; responsible for ensuing equal application of EU law across the union
European Court of Justice
A political and economic union of a group of European countries.
European Union (EU)
The principle of free movement of goods, services, capital and people within the EU’s single market.
Four freedoms (EU)
Sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms that everyone in the UK is entitled to. It incorporates the rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into domestic British law.
Human Rights Act (1988)
The principle that judges should not be influenced by other branches of government, particularly the Executive
Judicial independence
The principle that judges should not be influenced by their personal political opinions and should remain outside of party politics.
Judicial neutrality
The power of the judiciary to review, and sometimes reverse, actions by other branches of government that breach the law or that are incompatible with the Human Rights Act.
Judicial review
The legal right to exercise sovereignty – i.e. sovereignty in theory.
Legal sovereignty
The idea of a single European Currency - the Euro – and a European Central Bank.
Monetary Union
The specific arrangements for Northern Ireland post Brexit.
Northern Ireland Protocol
The political ability to exercise sovereignty – i.e. sovereignty in practice
Political sovereignty
The establishment of common citizenship rights within the EU.
Political Union
The combination of the national sovereignties to enhance their power – a benefit of being part of the EU.
Pooled Sovereignty
The concept that the supreme authority stays with the people.
Popular sovereignty
A body substantially publicly funded which performs statutory duties, objectives and other activities consistent with central or local governmental functions.
Public Authority
The idea that once a judge is appointed, they stay in place until they die or retire.
Security of tenure
The idea that the roles of executive, legislature and judiciary should be independent of each other.
Separation of powers
The highest court in the UK political system.
Supreme Court
Literally ‘beyond the powers’. An action that is taken without legal authority when it requires it.
Ultra vires
