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Communication Theory > Relational Development > Flashcards

Relational Development Flashcards

1
Q

All our relationships are a product of __

A

Communication

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2
Q
  1. Self-disclosure, nonverbal warmth, empathetic listening, development of trust
  2. Closeness is a product of congruence, acceptance and understanding
A

Phenomenological Approach

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3
Q
  1. AKA the Transactional Approach
  2. Emphasis of social exchange
  3. Assessing the rewards and costs of the relationship
  4. Prevalence of economic metaphors
A

Rewards vs Costs Approach

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4
Q
  1. Self-disclosure is reciprocal, especially towards the middle of the relationship when semi-private information is being shared.
  2. Penetration is rapid at the start but slows down once the inner layers are reached.
  3. De-penetration is likewise a gradual layer by layer withdrawal
A

Social Penetration Theory

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5
Q

Why self-disclose

A

Rewards vs Costs

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6
Q

Maximize the ___ while minimizing ___

A

Benefits

Costs

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7
Q
  1. It happens gradually, from superficial to intimate levels of exchange
  2. A function of immediate and forecasted outcomes
A

Closeness

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8
Q

Personality structure is like a

A

Multilayered onion

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9
Q

Closeness is a product of

A

Self-disclosure

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10
Q

Depth of penetration depends on (2)

A
  1. Degree of personal disclosure

2. Degree of intimacy in friendship and romance

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11
Q

Relational Outcome =

A

Relational Benefits-Costs

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12
Q

Determines if a relationship is meaningful

A

Minimax Principle

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13
Q
  1. How happy or sad an interpersonal outcome makes us feel
  2. Points of reference
  3. The threshold above which an outcome seems attractive
  4. Pegged on our relationship history: baseline of past experience
A

Comparison Level

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14
Q
  1. Would this relationship be more rewarding if it was with another person
  2. What is the worst outcome that I’m willing to tolerate of I’m to stay in the relationship
A

Comparison Level of Alternatives

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15
Q

Proponent of the Uncertainty Reduction theory

A

Charles Berger

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16
Q
  1. Used to gain knowledge and create understanding

2. Used to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability

A

Human communication

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17
Q

8 Axioms to address uncertainty

A
  1. Verbal Communication
  2. Nonverbal Warmth
  3. Information Seeking
  4. Self Disclosure
  5. Reciprocity
  6. Similarity
  7. Liking
  8. Shared Networks
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18
Q

High levels of uncertainty increase verbal communication. As uncertainty decreases, verbal output

A

Increases

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19
Q

Nonverbal warmth reduces initial uncertainty. As uncertainty decreases, nonverbal warmth

A

Increases

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20
Q

High levels of uncertainty increase information seeking behavior. As uncertainty decreases, information seeking

A

Decreases

21
Q

High uncertainty reduces self disclosure. As uncertainty decreases, self disclosure

A

Increases

22
Q

High levels of uncertainty generate high rates of reciprocity. As uncertainty decreases, reciprocity

A

Decreases

23
Q

Similarities __ uncertainty

Dissimilarities __ uncertainty

A

Reduce

Increase

24
Q

High uncertainty ___ liking

Reducing uncertainty ___ liking

A

Decreases

Increases

25
Q

Shared communication networks ___ uncertainty.

Lack of shared networks ___ uncertainty.

A

Decrease

Increases

26
Q

We create plans to reduce uncertainty.

A

Plan-based communication

27
Q

Strategies in construction plans (4)

A
  1. Information seeking
  2. Plan complexity
  3. Hedging
  4. The Hierarchy Hypothesis
28
Q

Passive vs active strategy

A

Information seeking

29
Q

No. of layers or steps; no. of contingency measures

A

Plan complexity

30
Q

Prepare for a way out

A

Hedging

31
Q

Lowering of expectations

A

The hierarchy hypothesis

32
Q

Computer Mediated Communication is not suited for (2)

A
  1. Task Oriented Communication

2. Relational Communication

33
Q

Proponent of the Social Information Processing theory

A

Joseph Walther

34
Q

Issues with CMC (2)

A
  1. Lack of nonverbal cues

2. Reduced Interactivity

35
Q

Cues Filtered Out Approaches (3)

A
  1. Social Presence Theory
  2. Social Psychological Aspects of Online Com
  3. Information Richness Theory
36
Q

Proponent of the Social Presence theory

A

Williams and Christie Short

37
Q

Communicators pay less attention to other participants because there are less codes and channels available in the medium. Messages tend to be impersonal.

A

Social Presence theory

38
Q

Proponent of Social Psychological aspects of Online Comm

A

Kiesler

39
Q

CMC has reduced context cues so that senders cannot easily alter the mood of a message, communicate a sense of individuality, exercise dominance or charisma. Sense of anonymity and less individually.

A

Social psychological aspects of Online Comm

40
Q

Proponents of the Information Richness theory

A

Daft and Lengel

41
Q

Media vary in terms of richness according to the number of cue systems they convey, the immediacy of feedback, the capacity for natural language. Media rich technologies are suited for interpersonally demanding tasks.

A

Information Richness Theory

42
Q

Timing your message

A

Chromenics

43
Q

The Hyperpersonal perspective affects 4 things

A
  1. Selective self-presentation
  2. Overattribution of Similarity
  3. Communicate at your convenience
  4. A looking glass self develops
44
Q
  1. No fear of contradiction from actual appearance
  2. Downplaying or avoiding negative traits
  3. Management of the cyber-image through self-disclosure over time
A

Selective self-presentation

45
Q

We attribute characteristics to people based on what they say and what they do

A

Attribution

46
Q
  1. Reliance of verbal behavior limits what we know about the sender of the message
  2. We use what we know to create an idealized image of the sender
  3. Assumption that the person is “like me” since we likely have shared interests, given the context of meaning
A

Overattribution of Similarity

47
Q
  1. Partners can be relational without having to be co-present
  2. Relaxed time constraint, can be a plus for partners in different time zones
  3. Allows for more deliberate message composition: more planning, editing comments
A

Communicate at your convenience

48
Q
  1. Affirmation of the initial impressions created by the verbal exchange
  2. Receivers create a hyper positive or ideal image of their partner
  3. This image is fed back through the verbal exchange
A

A looking glass self develops

49
Q

Proponents of the Social Penetration theory

A

Altman and Dalmas Taylor

Communication Theory (8 decks)

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