Interpersonal Communication Flashcards
We create better social worlds by
Building them with other people
According to CMM, Communication is
Performative. It is not simply referential.
He says that the meaning of words is best understood as their use within a language game
Ludwig Wittgenstein
The language game according to Ludwig Wittgenstein
- Tactical approach where you wait for an action and response
- Anticipate responses as you choose words and styles to get predicted response
People are always trying to accomplish something when they say something.
T or F
True
What is the management of meaning through stories told?
We adjust our narratives to fit our encounters with people.
What is CMM?
We manage what to say to fit with other people
Stories lived vs Stories told
What am I really doing when I say what I say and Why I say what I say
Managing meaning=
Adjusting behavior
The Hierarchy of Meanings of every speech act according to CMM (4)
Culture
Identity
Relationship
Episode
A hierarchy of meaning that shows the view of the world, of what is right or wrong, and values appropriate ways of acting situations
Culture
A hierarchy of meaning which is continually crafted through communication and affect how we manage meaning
Identity
A hierarchy of meaning that emerged from the dynamic dance of coordinated actions and managed meanings
Relationship
A hierarchy of meaning which is a sequence of speech acts/stories/events with a beginning, narrative development and an end
Episode
Where each person in the conversation is coming from
Awareness of the rules that govern communication across contexts (CMM)
Embedded context
What are Persons-In-Conversations creating together?
Social Realities
These co-construct their social realities and are shaped in turn by the worlds that they have created.
Persons-in-conversations
This model illustrates multiple conversations that take place during an episode (CMM)
Daisy Model
This states that what we do always intermeshes and interacts w/ the interpretation and actions of other people
Coordination of Meaning
We achieve coordination by being aware that we are participating in a _____ and ____ process
Multi-turn and multi-person
We achieve management by treating stories that differ from your own as _____
Valid
Together, the CMM aims to create
Social realities
Proponent of the Expectancy Violations theory
Judee Burgoon
What is violated in the expectancy violations theory?
Social norms
Attire, eye contact, touch, smell, body lean, facial expression, posture are examples of
Non verbal cues
Our expectations influence: (3)
Interaction patterns
Impressions of one another
Outcome of our interactions
The following are _____:
- Upset and arouse us
- Shift our attention to the violator
- Make us question the meaning of the violation
- May have favorable or negative outcomes, depending on the meaning assigned to the violation
Effects of violation of our expectations
What is predicted to occur
Expectancy
Positive or negative value that we assign to the unexpected behavior; regardless of who does it
Violation Valence
Interpreting the meaning of the violation and then determining whether it is positive or negative
Evaluation
If the valence is ___, do more
If ____, do less
Positive
Negative
Action is determined by reward valence of the communicator as well as the violation valence if the violation is
Ambiguous
- Result of a mental audit of likely gains or losses
- The sum of positive and negative attributes that a person brings to an encounter, and the potential he/she has to rewards and punish in the future
Communicator Reward Valence
Initial position going into the encounter/event
Interaction Position
Outcomes that fulfill our basic needs
Requirements
What we think will happen
Expectations
What we would personally want to happen
Desires
Proponent of the Categorical Imperative
Immanuel Kant
Every time we speak or act we have a moral obligation to be truthful
Categorical imperative
Proponent of Symbolic Interactionism
George Herbert Mead
People are creative and innovative, and free to define each situation in unique and unpredictable ways.
The self and society are viewed as in the process of becoming brought about by interactions with symbols, primarily language.
Symbolic Interactionism
It captures the idea that language is very human and humanizing
Symbolic Interactionism
Concepts of symbolic Interactionism (3)
Meaning
Language
Thought
- A community effort that is negotiated through language.
- Arises out of the social interactions that people have with each other.
- Not inherent in an object but negotiated through language.
Humans act toward people of things on the basis of the ___ they assign to those people or things
MEANING
The stimulus that has a learned meaning and values for a people
Symbol
- It is by talking with others (symbolic interaction) that we come to ascribe that meaning and develop a universe of discourse.
- The extent of knowing is dependent on the extent of naming: human intelligence is the ability to symbolically identify what we encounter
- The way in which we interpret the world
- Ability to symbolically identify what we encounter separates humans from animals
Language
An individual’s interpretation of symbols is modified by his or her thought processes
Minding
- The reflective pause between impulse and action.
- How one interacts with oneself
- Facilitated by taking on the role of the other
Minding
People understand things by assigning ___ to their experience, which is facilitated by ____
- Meaning
2. Language
Meanings are learned in ____ with others
Interaction
Creates social structures and institutions
Interaction
The internal conversations which reflects the interactions one has had with others
Minding
Part of SELF that is impulsive, unpredictable and is the driving force
I
Part of SELF that is the object as seen through looking-glass of other’s reactions
ME
Look at yourself the way others look at you
Looking-glass self
We try to look at ourselves as others likely perceive is
Minding
Picture of yourself is acquired through years of ____ with people you’ve come across in life
Symbolic Interaction
Development of our self-concept is a continuous process of combining the ___ and ___
I and Me
Organized set of information an individual carries about what the general expectations and attitudes of the social group are
The generalized other
Proponents of the Coordinated Management Meaning theory
Barnett Pearce
Vernon Cronen
