Reinforced Concrete Construction Flashcards
concrete in which steel reinforcement is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. Also called Beton arme, Ferroconcrete
Reinforced Concrete
Concrete having no reinforcement or reinforced only for drying shrinkage or thermal stresses
Plain Concrete
Constructed of cement-sand mortar over wire mesh that has been preshaped over a mold
Ferrocement
Concrete which is deposited in the place where it is required to harden as part of the structure, as opposed to precast concrete
cast-in-place concrete, cast in-situ, in-situ concrete
a system of steel bars, strands or wires for absorbing tensile, shearing and sometimes compressive stresses in a concrete member or structure
reinforcement
A reinforcing bar hot-rolled with surface deformations to develop a greater bond with concrete
deformed bar
reinforcement designed to absorb tensile stresses
tension reinforcement
reinforcement designed to absorb compressive stresses
compression reinforcement
a concrete section in which the tension reinforcement theoretically reaches its specified yield strength as the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain. a design so proportional such that the maximum stresses in the concrete and steel are reach simultaneously so that they fail together
balanced section
a concrete section in which the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain before the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength. this is a dangerous condition since failure of the section could occur instantaneously without warning. this type of design is not advisable because concrete fails abruptly in compression
over reinforced section
a concrete section in which the concrete in compression reaches its specified yield strength before the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain. this is a desirable condition since failure of the section would be preceded by large deformations, giving prior warning of impending collapse. in this particular type of design, the steel fails fails first while the concrete has not yet reached its allowable values but the failure is gradual with steel yielding
under reinforced section
In 1867, he used the concept iron reinforcing bars when he reinforced William Ward’s flower pots using wire.
Joseph Monier
a rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements
beam
refers to a beam having a single span supported at its end without a restaint at the support
simple beam
refers to a beam with two spans with or without restraint at the two exteme ends
semi-continuous beam
a beam supported on one end and the other end projecting beyond the support, beam or wall
cantilever beam
a term applied to a beam that rests on more than two supports
continuous beam
part of the floor and beam unit when poured simultaneously thereby producing a monolithic structure where the portion of the slab at both sides of the beam serves as flanges of such beam
t beam
a concrete beam designed to act together with longitudinal and web reinforcement in resisting applied forces, formed and placed along with the slab it supports
reinforced concrete beam
the depth of a concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of hte rension reinforcement
effective depth of section
the center-to-center spacing of parallel bars, the resulting clear distance between the bars being regulated by bar diameter, maximum size of coarse aggregate, andthickness of the concrete section
bar spacing
refers to the distances between posts, columns or supporting walls
span of supports
the amount of concrete required to protect steel reinforcement from fire and corrosion, measured frm the surface of the reinfocement to the outer surface of the concrete section
concrete cover
the adhesion between two substanecs, as concrete and reinforcing bar
bond
the adhesive force per unit area of contact between a reinforcing bar and the surrounding conrete developed at any section of a flexural member
bond stress
the length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section
development length
length of embedded reinforcement at a critical section
embedment length
length of reinforcement mechanical anchor or hook or combination thereof beyond point of zero stress in reinforcement
end anchorage
a bend or curve given to the end of a tension bar to develop an equivalent embedment length, used where there is insufficient room to develop an embedment length
hook
reinforcement essentially parallel to the horizontal surface of a slab or to the long axis of a concrete beam or column
longitudinal reinforcement
the ratio of effective area of reinforcement to effective area of concrete at any section of a reinforced concrete member, expressed as a percentage
percentage reinforcement
any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subject to a negative moment
top bar
any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subject to positive moment
bottom bar
reinforcement consisting of bent bars or stirrups, placed in a concrete beam to resist diagonal tension
web reinforcement
a longitudinal bar bent to an angle of 30° or more with the axis of the concrete beam, perpendicular to and intersecting the cracking that could occur from diagonal tension
bent bar
reinforcing bars that are bent up on or near the inflection point and are extended at the top of the beam across the support towards the adjacent span
bend reinforcing bars
bars that are not bent, an additional straight reinforcing bars placed on the top of the beam across the supports to the required length and other stright additional bars are also placed at the bottom benterr of the beam span where positive moment develops
no bent bars
a longitudinal bar bent up or down at pooints of moment reversal in a reinforced concrete beam
truss bar
any of the u-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension
stirrup
a 90°, 135° or 180° bend made at the end of a reinforcing bar according to industry standards with radius based on the bar diameter
standard hook
the amount of concrete required to protect steel reinforcement from fire and corrosion, measured from the surface of the reinforcement to the outer surface of the concrete section
concrete cover
a concrete designed to act together with vertical and lateral reinforcement in resisting applied forces
reinforced concrete column
a column having an unsupported height not greater than 10 times the shortest lateral dimension of the cross section
short column
when the unsupported height is more than 10 times the shortest lateral dimension of the cross section
long column
a concrete column reinforced with vertical bars and individual lateral ties
tied column
longitudinal reinforcement placed in concrete column to absorb compressive stresses, resist bending stresses and reduce the effects of creep and shrinkage in the column
vertical reinforcement
spiral reinforcement or lateral ties placed in a concrete column o laterally restrain the vertical reinforcement and prevent buckling
lateral reinforcement
lateral reinforcement consisting of an evenly spaced continuous spiral held firmly in place by vertical spacers
spiral reinforcement
reinforcement employed consisting of two to four bars tied in direct contact with each other to serve or act as one unit reinforcement placed at the corner of lateral ties
bundled reinforcement
a concrete column with spiral reinforcement enclosing a circular core reinforced with vertical bars
spiral column
a type of column here structural steel is embedded into concrete core of a spiral column
composite column
a column with a structural steel encased in a concrete of at least 7cm thick reinforced with wire mesh surrounding the column at a distance of 3cm inside the outer surface of the concrete covering
combined column
a fabricated post made of steel provided with a plain flat steel bar or plate which holds girder, girt or beam
lally column
the horizontal planes that supports both live loads and dead loads and transfer their loads horizontally across to a beam, column or to load-bearing walls
floor system
refers to those movable loads imposed on the floor such as people, furniture and the like
live load
refers to the static load such as the weight of the construction materials which generally carry the live load
dead load
consist of wind pressure and suction, earthquake load, rainwater on flat roof and forces caused by temperature changes or differentials
environmental load
