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BT 3 > Foundation Engineering > Flashcards

Foundation Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

the lowest division of a building, its substructure, or other construction, constructed partly or wholly below the surface of the ground, designed to support and anchor the superstructure above and transmit its load directly to the earth

A

Foundation

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2
Q

that part of the structure that supports the weight of the structure and transmits the load to underlying soil or rock

A

Foundation

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3
Q

applies the knowledge of soil mechanic, rock mechanics, geology and structural engineering to the design and construction of foundation for buildings and other structures.

A

foundation engineering

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4
Q

a foundation system type which is employed when stable soil of adequate bearing capacity occurs relatively near to the ground surface, they are placed directly below the lowest part of the sub-structure and transfer building loads directly to the supporting soil by vertical pressure

A

shallow foundation

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5
Q

a foundation system type employed when the soil underlying a foundation is unstable to transfer building loads to a more appropriate bearing stratum of rock or dense sand and gravel well below the superstructure

A

deep foundation

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6
Q

that part of a foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the natural grade line and enlarged to distribute its load over a greater area.

A

footing

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7
Q

a reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically loaded pile cap or spread footing to other pile caps or footings

A

tie beam/footing tie beam/grade beam

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8
Q

a reinforced concrete beam supporting a superstructure at or near a ground level and transferring the load to isolated footings, piers or piles

A

tie beam/ footing tie beam/ grade beam

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9
Q

that part of a building or structure which is above the level of the adjoining ground or the level of the foundation

A

superstructure

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10
Q

the underlying structure forming the foundation of a building or other construction

A

substructure

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11
Q

something that underlies or serves as a base or foundation. also called substrate

A

substratum

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12
Q

the actual pressure developed between the footing and the supporting soil mass, equal to the quotient of the magnitude of the forces and the area of contact

A

soil pressure/contact pressure

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13
Q

the horizontal component of resistance developed by a soil mass against the horizontal movement of a vertical structure through the soil

A

passive soil pressure

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14
Q

occurs usually at the side of the retaining walls between the walls and the surrounding soil

A

passive soil pressure

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15
Q

the horizontal component of pressure that a soil mass exert on a vertical retaining wall

A

active soil pressure

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16
Q

the maximum unit pressure a foundation is permitted to impose vertically or laterally on a supporting soil mass

A

allowable bearing pressure/ allowable bearing capacity/allowable soil pressure

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17
Q

a layer of coarse granular materials placed and compacted on undistributed soil prepared fill to prevent the capillary rise of moisture to a concrete ground slab

A

base course

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18
Q

the gradual reduction in the volume of a soil mass resulting from the application of a sustained load and an increase in compressive stress

A

consolidation

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19
Q

a reduction in volume of a soil mass under the action of a sustained load, due chiefly to a squeezing out of water from the voids within the mass and a transfer of the load from the soil water to the soil solids. also called primary compression

A

primary consolidation

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20
Q

a reduction in volume of a soil mass under the action of a sustained load, due chiefly to adjustment of the internal structure

A

secondary consolidation

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21
Q

the gradual subsiding of the structure

A

settlement

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22
Q

the relative movement of parts of a structure caused by uneven settlement

A

differential settlement

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23
Q

a single spread footing supporting a freestanding column or pier

A

isolated footing

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24
Q

a type of isolated footing having inclined top, sloping towards the edges

A

square sloped footing

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25
Q

a type of footing that changes levels in stages with the center having the thickest part of the footing

A

stepped footing

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26
Q

a footing rectangular in plan and supporting load of unequal magnitudes in both axes

A

rectangular footing

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27
Q

a reinforced concrete footing for a perimeter column or foundation wall extended to support an interior column load

A

combined footing

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28
Q

a type of combined footing rectangular in plan and supporting two columns. column loads are assumed to be of the same magnitude

A

rectangular combined footing

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29
Q

column loads on this type of footing are assumed to be unequal magnitude

A

trapezoidal combined footing

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30
Q

a type of beam-like footing placed underneath the ground in order to transmit and provide additional rigidity to two or more columns

A

footing tie beam

31
Q

reinforced concrete beam supporting a bearing wall at or near the ground level and transferring the load to isolated footings, piers or piles

A

grade beam

32
Q

a reinforced concrete footing extended to support a row of columns

A

continuous footing

33
Q

the continuous spread footing of a foundation wall

A

strip footing

34
Q

a reinforced concrete footing connected by a tie beam to another footing in order to balance an asymmetrically imposed load

A

strap/cantilever/connected footing

35
Q

a thick, slab-like heavily reinforced concrete footing supporting a number of columns or an entire building

A

mat foundation

36
Q

a mat foundation reinforced by grid or ribs

A

ribbed mat

37
Q

a composite structure of reinforced concrete slabs and basement walls

A

cellular mat

38
Q

a mat providing a footing on yielding soil, usually for an entire building, placed so that the weight of the displaced soil exceeds the weight of the construction

A

raft foundation

39
Q

a framework of crossing beams for spreading heavy loads over large areas

A

grillage/grid foundation

40
Q

a foundation used in yielding soil, having for its footing a raft placed deep enough that the weight of excavated soil is equal to or greater than the weight of the construction supported

A

floating foundation

41
Q

a system of piles, pile caps, and tie beams for transferring building loads down to a suitable bearing stratum, used esp. when the soil mass directly below the construction is not suitable for the direct bearing of footings

A

pile foundation

42
Q

a footing-like member which joins the heads of a cluster of piles in order to distribute the load from a column or grade beam equally among the piles

A

pile cap

43
Q

a type of precast footing provided with a socket to receive a precast column

A

precast socket foundation

44
Q

a continuous type of footing intended to support as well as transmit the load imposed by the wall directly to the ground

A

wall footing

45
Q

a long-slender column of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, driven or hammered vertically into the earth to form part of a foundation system

A

pile

46
Q

a pile depending principally on the bearing resistance of soil or rock beneath its foot for support. also called point-bearing pile

A

end bearing pile

47
Q

a pile depends principally on the frictional resistance of surrounding earth for support

A

friction pile

48
Q

log driven usually a friction pile, often filled with a steel shoe and a drive band

A

timber pile

49
Q

a steel H-section, sometimes encased in concrete to a point below the water table to prevent corrosion

A

H-Pile

50
Q

heavy steel pipe driven with the lower end either open or closed by a heavy steel plate or point and filled with concrete

A

pipe pile

51
Q

has a round, square or polygonal cross section and sometimes an open core; often prestressed

A

precast concrete pile

52
Q

pile constructed by driving a steel pipe or casing into the ground until it meets the required resistance and then filling it with concrete

A

cased pile

53
Q

pile constructed by driving a cncrete plug into the ground along with a steel casing until it meets the required resistance, and then ramming concrete into place as the casing is withdrawn

A

uncased pile

54
Q

pile that carries superimposed loads

A

bearing pile

55
Q

driven at an inclination to resist forces that are not vertical

A

batter pile

56
Q

used in cofferdarn construction to support the horizontal wall that in turn supports vertical sheet piling

A

guide pile

57
Q

driven at wharves or in front of a large masonry structure to protect them from sudden blows

A

fender pile

58
Q

used to resist lateral pressure of the earth and to form a wall intended to be watertight

A

sheet pile

59
Q

a h-section steel pipe driven vertically into the ground to support horizontal lagging

A

soldier pile

60
Q

heavy timber planks joined together side by side to retain the face of an excavation

A

lagging

61
Q

deviation of the pile from its plan location or from the vertical which may result in a reduction of its allowable load

A

pile eccentricity

62
Q

a machine for driving piles

A

pile driver

63
Q

a type of pile driver which is raised by means of a rope and then allowed to be dropped

A

drop hammer

64
Q

a type of pile driver that is automatically raised and dropped a short distance

A

steam pile hammer

65
Q

the steam is applied to raise the striking part of the hammer, then allowed to fall by gravity

A

single acting steam hammer

66
Q

the steam pressure raises the hammer and also reinforces the action of gravity during descent

A

double acting steam

67
Q

a cast-in-place concrete foundation

A

pier

68
Q

a pier to permit inspection of the bottom

A

caisson

69
Q

a caisson that is drilled into a stratum of solid rock rafter than belled

A

socketed caisson

70
Q

a socketed caisson having a steel h-section core within a concrete-filled pipe casing

A

rock caisson

71
Q

a watertight box made of timber and concrete, having a bottom, but no top

A

box caisson

72
Q

a self-contained box structure made of timber, metal and concete

A

open caisson

73
Q

a type of caisson having opening at the bottom and closed at the top

A

pneumatic caisson

74
Q

a temporary enclosure in a river, lake, etc. to keep water from the enclosed area

A

cofferdarn

BT 3 (9 decks)

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