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Advanced Patient Care > Rehabilitation > Flashcards

Rehabilitation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aims of rehabilitation?

A
  • restoring maximum function, QoL, and independence
  • limit pain
  • return to all normal abilities of living
  • reduce recovery times
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2
Q

Describe the pain cycle?

A
  • Pain
  • Decreased exercise
  • Muscle atrophy (less ROM)
  • Increased joint stress
  • Articular cartilage damage
  • inflammatory response
  • Pain
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3
Q

Define acupuncture

What is the goal of acupuncture?

A

The insertion of needles into specific points on the patient’s body to produce a healing response. The points are where nerve bundles and blood vessels come together.

The goal is to promote natural body healing. It enhances blood circulation, stimulates the nervous system, reduces swelling, relieves pain, and encourages healing by correcting energy imbalance.

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4
Q

What are the advantages of acupuncture?

A
  • relaxes muscles at needle point
  • improves blood flow to tissue to remove waste products
  • no side effects
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5
Q

What is hydrotherapy?

A

Controlled exercise in therapeutic water of 28-32 degrees

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6
Q

What are the benefits of hydrotherapy?

A
  • relieves pain
  • reduction of swelling (due to HP) and stiffness
  • circulatory benefits
  • improved CV fitness
  • Muscle strength
  • Joint mobilisation
  • Increased mental stimulation
  • Improved gait pattern ( treadmill)
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7
Q

What types of conditions would benefit from hydrotherapy?

A
  • pre and post orthopaedic surgery and spinal surgery
  • ortho and neuro conditions
  • muscle atrophy
  • obesity management
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8
Q

What conditions make hydrotherapy NOT an option?

A
  • sickness or diarrhoea
  • wounds
  • infection
  • aural haematoma
  • in season, false pregnancy
  • ESF
  • unstable fractures
  • fleas/parasites
  • severely obese
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9
Q

What conditions should you be careful with when administering hydrotherapy?

A
  • epilepsy
  • chemo
  • DM
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10
Q

What are the uses for a hydrotherapy pool vs a hydrotherapy treadmill?

A

Pool:

  • complete non-weight-bearing
  • for those unable to weight bear e.g. arthritis, hip dysplasia

Treadmill:

  • advancement of progression from the pool
  • controlled weight-bearing
  • increases range of motion
  • adjustable water height allows target of specific joints and allows us to keep water below chest for those with heart or lung problems
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11
Q

What is McTimoney Animal Manipulation Treatment?

A

gentle, hands-on technique used to realign and balance the musculoskeletal system (built from chiropractic)
- restores full ROM within joints

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12
Q

What conditions will benefit from McTimoney?

A
  • post ortho surgery
  • injury
  • mobility issues -> lameness, unwillingness to exercise, uneven gait
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13
Q

What is physiotherapy?

A

use of physical approaches to promote, maintain and restore physiological and social well-being.

Aims to build muscle, support the joint, relieve pain, maintain activity level. And after surgery, relieve pain, maintain muscle mass and restore function

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14
Q

Explain what a static physio assessment involves

A
  • look at posture (head, spine, tail)
  • look at conformation ( spine, limbs, joint angle)
  • limb placement (wide, narrow)
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15
Q

What is a dynamic physio assessment?

A
  • observe a slow walk and a trot, sit to stand

- look at spinal movement, tail, posture, lib placement, weight bearing, lameness

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16
Q

What questions should you ask an owner who’s pet may need physio? -

A
  • have they got a companion?
  • are they a working dog?
  • what is the floor like in the house? slippy?
  • stairs?
  • bedding, exercise
  • had any previous therapy?
  • an aversion to water? touch? noises?
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17
Q

If a dog has joint issues, what BCS do we want it to have?

A

3-4

18
Q

What is thermotherapy?

A

Type of physio using heat or cold

19
Q

When is hot therapy indicated?

A
  • chronic pain
  • relaxes tense muscle
  • aches
  • arthritis
20
Q

When is cold therapy indicated?

A
  • acute injury
  • after activity
  • reduces swelling
  • sprains
  • bruises
  • pain
21
Q

When is hot therapy NOT to be used?

A
  • dermatitis
  • vascular disease
  • inflammation
  • infection
  • acute injuries
22
Q

When is cold therapy NOT to be used?

A
  • arthritic joint
  • stiff muscles
  • poor circulation
23
Q

What are some thermotherapy equipment?

A
  • ice packs for 15 minutes post op 3-6X per day (once patient normothermic!)
  • cold hands
  • cool/warm fluids
  • hot packs
  • infrared heat lamps
  • spa therapy
24
Q

What are the benefits of massage?

A
  • increases lymphatic flow
  • increases blood flow
  • breakdown muscle adhesions
  • aid recovery and post-exercise
  • calming effect
  • reduces swelling
25
Q

What patients is massage contraindicated in?

A
  • skin infection/ irritation/ disease/ open wounds / tumours

- Cardiovascular compromise/ pyrexia/ bleeding disorders or vW disease

26
Q

How long does the analgesic effect of massage last?

A

1hr

27
Q

How does massage provide analgesia?

A

Stimulates touch neurons which block out pain neurons. No side effects

28
Q

What is effleurage?

A

5 minute warm up that all massages should start with

  • gently stroking dog in the same direction as hair growth
  • important to go slow and MAINTAIN CONTACT at all times and gently build pressure
  • cover neck base all the way down to paws
  • aims to increase blood flow, warm up muscles and just get patient used to massage
29
Q

What is petrissage?

A
  • use the palms to apply more pressure
  • use 3-4 fingers to create a rhythmical kneading of the muscles
  • always keep hands moving working to break tense muscles by working the muscle fibres in different directions
  • about 5minutes
  • good for over spine
30
Q

What is skin rolling?

A
  • using thumbs to gently push the skin in a more rapid, circular motion
  • can be used on spine
  • only 15 seconds on one area then revert to effleurage
31
Q

What is PROM?

How is it performed?

A

Passive range of motion

  • used on patients in lateral recumbency
  • can be performed following heat therapy and massage
  • involves moving each joint associated with the limb through full extension and flexion (stop when natural resistance and hold)
  • start at toes and work up limbs
32
Q

What are the benefits of PROM?

A
  • Improves joint range of motion and flexibility
  • improves muscle mass and strength
  • improves core strength and balance
  • improves acute pain
  • helps prevent further injury
33
Q

What is stretching and when would it be performed?

A
  • protraction and retraction static stretches. Ensure to support joint and limb and start gently before increasing to full range.
  • Would do after massage and PROM once muscles were warm
34
Q

What is the aim of stretching?

A
  • keep limbs in line with the body in their natural range of motion
35
Q

Nam some assisted therapeutic exercises?

A
  • assisted standing (sling, hoist)
  • weight shifting ( gently rocking patient to weight bear on reluctant limb)
  • wobble boards ( helps put more work on the muscles)
36
Q

Name some active therapeutic exercises?

A
  • supported walking (harness, sling, towel)
  • sit-to-stand ( hips remain square)
  • wheel barrowing/ dancing ( good for cats)
  • poles
  • cones (weaving, shifting weight)
37
Q

What is LASER therapy?

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

  • it emits energy which changes the cell oxidation resulting in increased ATP and causing the Na:K pump to work at optimum levels for healing.
  • dark skin ill absorb more laser whereas light skin will reflect more
38
Q

What are the benefits of laser therapy?

A
  • reduces inflammation
  • reduces pain
  • increases healing by increasing blood flow and regeneration of cells
39
Q

What conditions can benefit from laser therapy?

A
  • wounds
  • injury
  • pre and post surgery
  • neurological conditions
  • skin conditions
  • pain management
40
Q

What conditions is LASER therapy contraindicated in?

A
  • cancer
  • thyroid
  • eyes
41
Q

What nursing care is implicated with a non-ambulatory patient?(8)

A
  • massage -> effleurage in an upward direction encourages circulation back to heart
  • standing - weight-bearing encouraged
  • electric toothbrush - stimulates nerve endings, used on paw and in-between toes
  • ROM on limbs
  • Turning (do when performing other techniques)
  • Urinary catheter care
  • Grooming
  • Feeding

Advanced Patient Care (16 decks)

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