Rehab/PT Flashcards
E-stim
E-stim with one electrode to another in a specific area, intensify with wave form, frequency, duty cycle, has different waveforms
When E-stem it for neuromuscular dysfunction the goal is to _____ a motor nerve to cause a muscle ______
depolarized; contraction
Neuro dysfunction- use what two settings of the e-stim?
VMS and Russian
When using E-stim for pain management, the goal is to depolarize ____ _____ to suppress pain
sensory nerves
Pain control- use what four settings of E-stim?
Interferential, Premodulated, Russian (again), and High volt
How are neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) different?
a. TENS and NMES target different nerve groups of the body, TENS specifically targets the sensory nerves, which are responsible for sending pain signals to the brain
b. NMES targets the muscle itself via motor nerves
c. Sensory and motor nerves fire at different frequencies, which is why NMES and TENS devices affect the body differently
The term “LASER” is an acronym for:
- Light
- Amplification by
- Stimulated
- Emission of
- Radiation
How does laser work?
Light into tissues- into mito- increases protein syn and cell proliferation- accelerated tissue repair and pain control- increased ATP syn. for E
Heat thermotherapy when should we stop?
If the skin gets splotchy, also do not apply heat earlier than 48 hours after injury and do not use on sedated patients
Cold therapy (cryotherapy) is used immediately after injury, what is its purpose?
Reduce pain, bleeding, inflamm, edema, and muscle spasms
Cold therapy is most effective in first ___ hours of injury
72 hours
What is normal skin response to cold therapy? What is abnormal response?
Normal response is skin red, abn response is whitening or blanching of the skin
Normal for aching, burning, numbness as changes in sensation during cryotherapy
KNOWW Individuals with lower body fat % exchange heat more quickly than with greater amounts of SubQ fat*
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What is a deeper heating modality (2-5cm) that lasts only 8-16 mins of treatment?
Therapeutic U/S
Therapeutic U/S can use direct coupling method (water-soluble gel) and underwater methods with increased intensity of
0.5W/cm^2
On therapeutic US there is ___ minutes per transducer head
4 minutes
Speed of sound of the transducer head is ____ cm per sec
4 cm per second
Where should we avoid any exposed while using the therapeutic US?
Eyes, heart, malignant tumors, spinal cord after laminectomy, wounds
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy -
i. High energy soundwave, non-invasive treatment for dogs with lameness/pain
ii. Pulses travel though soft tissues
iii. Allows shockwaves to penetrate different depths and various energy settings allow for customization of application
iv. Soundwaves break down the calcium that has built up via pulsing and can speed up the regenerative processes
We should sedate with what modality? Why?
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy because the machine is loud and can be painful to the patient
Shockwave indications include….
OA conditions, delayed or non-union fractures, tendinopathies, large wounds,
10 mins of standing a day can help the chance of not developing muscle atrophy by ___%
25%
What are some bad habits?
Bunny hopping, inappropriate weigh shifting aka “hand standing”, carrying of a limb, puppy sitting
____ is osteoconductive
Hematoma
