Art and science of canine gaits Flashcards
Characteristics of an Infraspinatus contracture
Very specific, seen in working dogs
Muscle disorder, not neurological
Typical posture is lower limb externally rotated, elbow is adducted, foot is abducted
Worse going up stairs, unable to rotate shoulder internally, lower limb swings out (circumduction motion)
Characteristics of a coxofemoral luxation
Most common direction is cranial dorsal luxation
Usually result of trauma/extreme abduction
Limb appears shorter when looked at from behind
What is the presentation/stance of the patient with a coxofemoral luxation?
Thigh is adducted
Stifle is rotated outward, tarsus is rotated inward
Usually independent of weight
moves back leg medially like a horse trying to side pass but other legs n
___ _____luxation might be asymptomtatic with internal roation of the crus at the stifle and bow legged
Medial patellar
? is the most common ortho injury of dogs. Usually non weight bearing HL lameness or toe touching.
CCL rupture
Non weight bearing lameness,
Affected FL:
Affected HL:
Affected FL means they will stand with HL further forward under their body
Affected HL means they will stand with their front legs further back under the center of gravity/weight
What is the most common luxation seen in dogs?
Coxofemoral luxation
what is the PE findings for Coxofemoral luxation?
Acute, non-weight bearing lameness, they will usually externally rotate their femur, toes pointed out laterally, and adduction of the limb. Might have some swelling of hip region and shortened limb with craniodorsal luxation
Hip palpation:
put thumb in ___ ____. Landmarks include ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter of femur and _____ ____ aspect of iliac spine
Ischiac notch;
cranial dorsal
Where is the ischiatic notch normally located?
Between the ischiatic tuberosity and the greater trochanter
How can you check for hip luxation?
Put thumb in space caudal to the greater trochanter of the femur and externally rotate the femur, if intact (normal), the greater trochanter will displace your thumb (if it is luxated, the greater trochanter will roll over your thumb)
What are some tx options for Coxofemoral luxation?
Closed reduction without surgery preferred method, or sx (TPO , FHO or primary capsular repair (capsulorrhaphy)
Methods of preventing re-luxation include Kirchner-Ehmer sling, what are this sling’s characteristics?
Figure 8 bandage where hip joint is flexed, abducted, and internally rotated. in placed for 1-2 weeks. Use non elastic, adhesive tape over it
What is the goal of the Kirchner-Elmer sling?
Drives the femoral head into the acetabulum without surgery. Used for craniodorsal luxations of the Coxofemoral joint
What should you do after placing the Kirchner-Elmer sling?
Take rads to make sure it is placed appropriately
What are the indications for surgery for Coxofemoral luxation?
articular fracture, closed reduction was not successful, joint reluxations after closed reduction, concomitant injuries requiring earlier return to function, chronic luxation
What is the surgical method for a chronic Coxofemoral luxation?
Toggle pinning/rods – preferred surgical method, bone tunnel through femoral head and neck to anchor it to pelvis with fishing line-like nylon thread
is reluxation common after the toggle pinning/rods sx?
Nope, very uncommon
What do we do when primary joint capsule repair is impossible or has failed, concurrent injuries may prevent the use of an Ehmer sling?
Prosthetic capsule extracapsular suture stabilization
What is involved in a triple pelvic osteotomy???
breaking pelvis in 3 parts
Cut pubis, ilium, and ischium
Rotation of the pelvis over the femoral head is the goal
Provides dorsal coverage to prevent re-luxation
Post op care of coxofemoral luxation patients:
restrict activity for 2-4 weeks, controlled activity fir additional 2-4 weeks, monitor joint reduction on rads, medical tx to address osteoarthritis
What are some complications associated with repair of a coxofemoral luxation
Osteoarthritis (OA) –>occurs in the majority of cases, do THA or FHO if it becomes severe
Re-Luxation–>less common after open stabilization (restabilize and maybe do THA or FHO)
What are 2 pros of open techniques (sx)? When do we opt for them???
Greater stability, less recurrence, do only AFTER closed reduction fails
