Osteoarthritis Flashcards
___ arthritis is very uncommon and is an immune mediated inflammatory disease of the joints in which the articular cartilage is eroded (most common is rheumatoid arthritis)
Erosive
What is immune mediated polyarthritis
slightly common, neutrophils invade the joint –>pain and swelling of that joint, auto immune disease but is non-erosive
Osteoarthritis (OA) is verryyy common aka ____
DJD (degenerative joint disease)
Primary arthritis is rare (idiopathic), secondary is very common, what are some examples?
cruciate ligament tear, luxating hips, etc.
____ arthritis is rare, ____ arthritis is common
primary is rare; secondary is common
What are some pathologic changes caused by arthritis???
Synovitis, cartilage destruction, subchondral sclerosis, new bone production, osteophytes, enthesophytes (where the body tries to stabilize the region)
What results from synovitis?
Pain and degradation of the cartilage
What happens to synovial fluid with OA?
Synovial fluid changes to become less viscous less proteoglycans and more water
Is cartilage destruction reversible?
nope
How does subchondral sclerosis show up on rads?
Sclerotic bone, will show up on rads will more density (whiter)- will be like an ice skating rank
PE findings with OA
pain, lame, stiff at rest, soreness a activity, crepitus on manipulation, decreased ROM, thickened joint capsule +/- muscle atrophy
What are the diagnostics for OA in the order to do them–>
PE, rads, +/- arthrocentesis
On rads, OA will show varying signs. What are some of the signs?
vary due to trauma and chronicity, subchondral sclerosis, osteophyte formation, narrowed joint spaces, joint effusion, periarticular thickening
Normal synovial fluid characteristics
Usually clear to yellow, good viscosity, protein is less than 2.5mg/dl, not very cellular but may see leukocytes and monocytes
Abnormal synovial fluid characteristics-
Cloudy, yellow orange, red, less viscous, protein may be increased, cell count is usually elevated (RBCs and reactive WBCs)
T/F surgery is common for OA
False, surgery is not common for tx of osteoarthritis
Multimodal management for OA includes….
- NSAIDS
- Chondroprotective agents
- Weight management
- Controlled exercise
- Fatty acids
- Adjunctive therapies
Regenerative therapies that can be used in OA includes _______ stem cells obtained from bone marrow, adipose, umbilical blood/tissue, muscle, other
Mesenchymal
Mesenchymal stem cells secrete trophic factors, ____ and _____
cytokines and chemokines
What is the goal of stem cell regenerative tx for OA?
decrease pro inflammatory mediators and increase anti inflammatory ones. But do not regrow cartilage, only regrow anti inflammatory mediators
what is it called when the superficial layers of cartilage is lost?
Fibrillation
Joint capsule thickening includes folds (___) protruding into the jt space
vili
Fissures developing tell you the issue is in what cartilage layer?
deep cartilage layer
____ means frictionless, smoothed and polished at site of cartilage erosion from bone to bone rubbing
Eburnated
for septic arthritis do we use IV abx or inject abx directly into the site?
IV or oral only!!! (unless opening the jt and then can do lavage with long acting abx like abx beads implanted into the site)
____ disease can cause inflamm. non-erosive polyarthritis, though 95% of dogs affected are asymptomatic
Lyme disease
What is non diagnostic of Lymedisease associated non erosive polyarthritis?
Rads are not useful
to find tendonitis of the shoulder, what position do you want?
Maximum flexion of shoulder and extended elbow! Pull dog arm back
We use the 90-90 tension test for what part of the body?
The crus (which is the area between the tarsus and stifle) to check for calcaneal rupture
**What are our cranial drawer landmarks?
lateral fabella, patella, fibular head, and tibial tuberosity
What are the primary stabilizers of the coxofemoral region?
jt capsule, ligament of the head of the femur, dorsal acetabular rim
What are the secondary stabilizers for the coxofemoral region?
Perarticular muscles (gluteals), acetabular labrum (outer layer of acetabulum) hydrostatic pressure
immature dogs are 2x as likely to have ___ ___ fx instead of hip luxation
capital physeal fracture
Dog looks like hes crossing his legs with a ____ luxation
coxofemoral
