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Small Animal Midterms > Rehab Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Rehab Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general approach to massaging an animal?

A

Warm up with effluarage and petrissage
Continue with petrissage
Use deeper techniques if indicated
Can do PROM
do this for 10-15 minutes
Finish with efflurage

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2
Q

What are contraindications for massage therapy?

A

Cutaneous diseases
shock
fever
acute incision
agressive demeanor

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3
Q

What are the therapeutic benefits of massage?

A

-decreases muscle tone
-increases muscle pliability
increase venous return
increase lymphatic flow

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4
Q

What is massage

A

the rubbing or kneading of muscles and joints of the body with hands to relieve tension and pain

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5
Q

What is the difference between NMES and TENS?

A

NMES -> neuromuscular electrical stimulation
TENS-> transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Both of these are electrical therapy that target nerves via a mild electrical current
TENS -> pain relief
NMES -> treat muscular weakness

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6
Q

NMES (describe)
-Indications
-system settings

A

-Application of an electrical current over a motor point to elicit a muscle contraction
-selective contraction of muscle groups
-less strong than voluntary contraction
-recruitment of type 2 muscle fibers first but mostly affect type 1

disuse atrophy and early post-op edema

waveform -> symmetrical, biphasic
pulse duration 100-300 microsecs
frequency 30-50 HZ
electrode size larger
treatment time : 15-20 minutes
goal: tenanic contraction of selected muscle group without pain

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7
Q

Tens (describe)
Indications
-system settings

A

-Large nerve fibers that have a lower threshold for stimulation and faster conduction velocity that small fibers that conduct pain messages
-stimulating the A- beta fibers via TENS blocks small fiber activity

Sensory level - acute pain
pulse duration -> 2-50 pulses per microsec
frequency 50-150
duration - 20-30 minutes
amplitude -> comfortable tingling

Monitor level- chronic pain
pulse duration <150
frequency 2-4 Hz
duration - 30-45 minutes
amplitude: visible muscle contraction
endorphin release

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8
Q

How can the application of non-noxious stimuli reduce pain?

A

Mechanism in the spinal cord -> pain signals sent up to the brain
-processed to accentuate possible perceived pain or attenuate it at the spinal cord
-the gate is the mechanism where pain signals can be let through or restricted
(gate can be open or closed)
-gate open -> pain signals can pass through -> sent to brain -> pain is perceived
-gate closed -> pain signals restricted-> cant travel to brain -> pain sensation not perceived
-if someone experiences a painful stimulus -> applicaiton of a non-noxisou stimlu activates the closed gate control mechanism which reduces pain

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9
Q

Indications for ESTIM pearls?

A

-reduce edema, pain relief, muscle strengthening

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10
Q

Indications for Extracorporeal shockwave therapy

A

-osteoarthritis, tendon/ligament injruies, non-union or delayed fracture healing

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11
Q

Indications for therapeutic ultrasound

A

-breaks down scar tissue
-increeases the elasticity of muscle
-aids healing
-increases circulation
-reduces pain and spasms

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12
Q

Indications for pulsed electromagnentic field therapy

A

-wound healing, pain management, inflammation, post-surgical healing, OA

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13
Q

Contraindications of ESWT?

A

-infectious arthritis
immune mediated joint disease
immature bone
cancer
unstable fractures
neurologic deficits
lung tissue

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14
Q

Contraindications of therapeutic ultrasound

A

-neoplasia
areas of hemorrhage or immediate injury
application to eyes, gonads or gravid uterus
application to ischemic tissues
spinal cord following laminectomy
recent incision sites- wait 14 days post op

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15
Q

Contraindications for PEMF

A

-tumors
pregnant uterus
open growth plates
over the heart
electromedical devices
acute inflammation or infection
over the eyes

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16
Q

Contraindications of ESWT

A

-INFECTIOUS ARTHTIRIS
IMMUNE MEDIATE JOINT DISEASE
IMMATURE BONE
CANCER
UNSTABLE FRACTURES
LUNG TISSUE

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17
Q

ESWT unique healing properties

A

-releases energy at cellular levels which release proteins that aid in -> reducing inflammation, short term analgeia, increase neovascularization, increases osteoblast activity, realign fibers

18
Q

Therapeutic ultrasound healing properties

A

-tissue absorption and scatter
-mechanical energy is converted to heat
-increases metabolic rate, enzyme activity, circulation, extensibility in tissues and decrease in pain

19
Q

PEMF unique healing properties

A

-use of electrical currents to improve healing
-loop is a delivery system for inducing electrical current flow in the conductor
-increase in CA and CAMbinding creates short burst of NO production

-NO stimulation -> vasodilation, osteoblast proliferation, immuen response, down regulates Cox2, cellular proliferation, chondrocyte proliferation,

20
Q

What are the indications for massage therapy?

A

swelling and edema, prolonged recumbency, osteoarthritis, chronic pain, cancer pain, palliative hospice, contractures, trigger points, athetic warm up and recovery

21
Q

Indications for passive range of motion

A

-post surgical
-no active/ voluntary limb use
-osteoarthritis

22
Q

Indications for stretching

A

-athletes -> prevention of injury, conditioning
-tightness ->know your end feels, more difficult in chronic disease

23
Q

Indications for mobilization

A

-reduced joint range of motion

24
Q

What are the contraindications of massage therapy?

A

-Cutaneous diseases, shock, fever, acute incision, aggresive demeanor

25
Q

What are contraindications for mobilization of

A

-infection, malignancy, recent surgery, open wound, severe muscle contracture, instability

26
Q

What are the different grades of joint mobilization?

A

Physiologic -> motion that mimics voluntary movement
Accessory -> Motion that could NOT be accomplished by voluntary movement

Grade 1->beginning stage of range of motion. Do small oscillations
Grade 2-> will be closer to that full range of motion. Larger oscillations towards that range of motion.
Grade 3-> large oscillation bumping up against that end of range of motion
Grade 4-> small oscillations are that end feel

27
Q

Normal vs abnormal joint end feels

A

normal -> when the joint has full ROM and the range is stopped by the anatomy of the joint
Abnormal -> when the range of the joint is less or greater than normal and is painful, of when a structure other than normal anatomy of the joints stops the motion

28
Q

Soft normal end feels

A

-soft tissue approximation
knee flexion

29
Q

Firm
Muscular stretch
Capscular stetch
ligamentous stretch

A

hip flexion with the knee straight
extension of metacarophophalangeal joints of fingers
-Forearm supination

30
Q

Hard

A

Bone contacting bone
-elbow extension

31
Q

What are the different massage techniques?

A

Efflurage ->
Petrissage
Tapotement
Friction
Vibration

32
Q

Efflurage

A

Gain patient confidence -> permission and greeting
Rhythmic stroking -> mild to moderate pressure
Increase pressure with larger areas
Decrease pressure with smaller areas
Parallel with muscle fibers

33
Q

Petrissage

A

-skin rolling
-breaks up adhesions and knots
Contractures
improve blood flow

34
Q

Tapotement

A

-rhytnmic percussion
edge of hand or cupped technique
-stimulate skin and provides warmth
Can be used as parasymathetic NS stimulation

35
Q

Friction

A

-soft tissue manipulation
-perpendicular to fibers and tendons
-used around joints and tendons
-used on trigger points, adhesions, and to break up scar tissues

36
Q

Myofascial trigger points

A

-2 finger rule (use 2 fingers on top of 2 fingers, thumb over thumb
-do not press as hard as possbiel
-20-30 second rules
Repeat 2-3 times a day

37
Q

Vibration

A

-trembling movement
-use hands or fingers
-relaxation prior to deeper massage techniques
-relieves tensions
-decreases stress

38
Q

Passive range of motion

A

-an outside force, causes movement of a joint. It is usually the max range of motion

39
Q

Gait patterning

A

-same as bicycling but performed in standing position

40
Q

Stretching

A

-requires putting a body part in a certain position thatll serve in the lengthening and elongation of the muscle or muscle group and thus enhance flexilibty and elasticit

41
Q

Joint mobilizations

A

-a joint mobilization is a manual therapy technique

42
Q
A

Small Animal Midterms (10 decks)

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